1. Paper No.12
• Name: Ravji Jalondhara
• Roll No. 28
• Enrollment No. 2069108420180024
• Paper No. 12 (ELT)
• Topic: Cognitive theory and Behaviourist theory
• Email Id: ravjijalandhara@gmail.com
• Submitted to: Department of English MKBU
2. Cognitive Theory:
• Cognitive theory is a learning theory of psychology that attempts to
explain human behavior by understanding the thought processes.
• Cognition-refers to individual thoughts, knowledge, interpretation,
understanding or views about oneself and his/her environment.
3. Continue...
• Edward Tolman- Rats- learn to run through a complicated
web/network towards their goal of food, rat founded out some cue to
reach the goal.
• Theory recognizes the role of organism in receiving, memorizing,
retrieving and reacting.
4. Main Assumptions:
• Learning results from internal mental activity and not from externally
imposed stimuli.
• The learner comes with knowledge, skills and related experiences to
the learning situation.
5. Role of the Learner:
• Active participants in the learning process, using various strategies to
process and construct their personal understanding of the contents to
which they are exposed.
6. Cognitive view of learning:
• In the cognitive view, people draw on their experiences and uses past
learning as a basis for present behavior.
• For example, an employee faced with a choice of job assignments will
use previous experiences in deciding wich one to accept.
• People make choices about their behavior. The employee recognises
two alternatives and choose one.
7. Behaviourist Theory:
• This theory implies that the Learner responds to environmental
stimuli without his/her mental state being a factor in the learner’s
behavior.
• Individuals learn to behave through conditioning.
• Two types of conditioning:
• 1) Operant Conditioning
• 2) Classical Conditioning
9. Classical Conditioning
• Classical conditioning can face extinction where the learning is
undone.
• This can happen naturally(the dog stops getting meat when music is
played).
• Or can happen through some type of therapy in the case of sever
anxiety reactions.
• Ex.. People who are afraid to fly...
10. ...
• Classical conditioning is more than forming an association, it is an
involuntary, physiological response.
• The point is, we learn to associate a stimulus with a response and
eventually our body does this automatically in the presence of the
stimulus. Our response is in voluntary.
11. Conclusion:
• Behaviourist theory focuses on observable changes in outward
behavior and on the impact of external stimuli to effect change.
• Cognitive theory focuses on the internal mental processes, how they
change and how they affect external behavior changes.
