firefighting

1. A N I N T R O D U C T I O N T O
F I R E F I G H T I N G
ENRICO N. MORILLO
CAMP AGUINALDO FIRE STATION
VOLUNTEERS, INC.

2. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
ARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 2
DEFINITION
FIRE is a chemical reaction between a
combustible substance and oxygen.
FIRE is the rapid oxidation of materials
with the production of light and heat.

3. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 3
DEFINITION
FIRE FIGHTING - The act or
technique of using manpower
and equipment on fire ground.

4. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 4
Fire fighting consists of removing
one or more of the three elements
essential to combustion - fuel, heat
and oxygen - or in interrupting the
combustion chain reaction.
FIRE FIGHTING

5. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 5
GENERAL FIRE SAFETY OBJECTIVE
To establish proper safeguards
against loss of lives and
property by fire.

6. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 6
1. TO PREVENT LOSS OF LIVES AND PROPERTY
2. TO FACILITATE PROMPT ORDERLY AND SAFE
EVACUATION OF ALL PERSONNEL,DOCUMENTS,
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER COMPANY VALUABLES
3. TO PROVIDE A SYSTEM IN FIREFIGHTING
CAPABILITY WITH THE USE OF AVAILABLE
MANPOWER AND FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT IN
MINIMIZING LOSS OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY
4. TO PROVIDE MAXIMUM SECURITY WITHIN THE
BUILDING/AREA WITHIN THE ENTIRE PERIOD
OF EMERGENCY
5. TO MAINTAIN A SYSTEMATIC IMPLEMENTATION
OF A FIRE PROTECTION AND PREVENTION
PROGRAM
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

7. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 7
FIRE FIGHTING UNITS
THE MISSION OF FIREFIGHTING UNITS IS PRIMARILY
TO PERFORM RESCUE OPERATION AND EXTINGUISH
FIRE
SECONDARY DUTIES INCLUDE ;
1. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANS TO ENSURE ADEQUATE
FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES
2. MAINTENANCE OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT
3. TRAINING OF AUXILIARY FIREFIGHTERS

8. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 8
THE FIRE TRANGLE

9. Stages of Fire
Understanding How Fire Starts

10. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 10
(Stage 1) Incipient Stage
There is no visible smoke or flame.

11. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 11
(Stage 2) Smoldering Stage
There is smoke but no flame.

12. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 12
(Stage 3) Flame Stage
There is smoke and flame.

13. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 13
(Stage 4) Heat Stage
There is uncontrolled spread of
superheated air.

14. Methods of Spread of Fire
Understanding How Fire Spreads

15. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR
July 17, 2008
An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 15
ebec 240308 Camp Aguinaldo Fire Station Volunteers, Inc.
Heat Transfer by Radiation

16. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR
July 17, 2008
An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 16
ebec 240308 Camp Aguinaldo Fire Station Volunteers, Inc. 16
Heat Transfer by Convection

17. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR
July 17, 2008
An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 17
ebec 240308 Camp Aguinaldo Fire Station Volunteers, Inc. 17
M
E
T
A
L
Ordinary combustible
materials
M
E
T
A
L
Heat Transfer by Conduction

18. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 18
Heat Transfer by Direct Contact

19. Methods of Preventing and
Controlling Fire

20. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 20
SEVEN (7) FACTORS AFFECTING THE
DEGREE OF FIRE HAZARD
1. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS USED
2. COMBUSTIBILITY OF THE CONTENTS
3. OCCUPANT LOAD (Total number of person normally
present)
4. TYPE OF OCCUPANCY (Purpose for which bldg is used)
5. HEIGHT FROM THE GROUND
6. TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXIT
7. AVAILABILITY OF FIRE SAFETY MEASURES,
CONSTRUCTION AND PROTECTIVE AND/OR WARNING
EQUIPMENT,OR SYSTEMS

21. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 21
Principles of Fire Prevention and
Control
• Prevent the Outbreak of Fire
• Provide for Early Detection
• Prevent the Spread of Fire
• Provide for Prompt Extinguishment
• Provide for Prompt and Orderly
Evacuation

22. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 22
Detection Systems
• Automatic Alarms
– Smoke Detectors
– Heat Detectors
– Light Radiation/Flame Detectors
• Manual Alarms
– Shall be located within 61m travel distance
from any point of the building

23. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 23
Barriers
Purpose of putting up barriers:
• Limit the area of a fire
• Retard the spread of fire
Examples:
Fire walls Fire stops
Fire doors Dikes
Shutters or louvers

24. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR
July 17, 2008
An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 24
ebec 240308 Camp Aguinaldo Fire Station Volunteers, Inc. 24
FIRE
Automatic Fire
Suppression
System
Fire Alarm
System
Emergency
Light (AC/DC)
Illuminated
Directional
Sign (AC/DC)
Fire Exit
Functional
Defective /
Non
Functional
Advance
Notice
Illuminated
Pathway
Unilluminated
Pathway
No Advance
Notice
Confused
Guided
Inadequate
Width
Adequate
Width
Abated Hazard
Unabated
Hazard
Ample time to
escape
Unawaken
(sleep)
Conveyed
Suffocated
Conveyed
Stampede
Unlocked
Locked
Conveyed
Trapped
Escape
Death
Escape
Escape
Death
Safety
Tragedy
Death
Escape
A DISCOURSE of SAFETY and TRAGEDY
FIRE
FIRE
Confused Suffocated Death
FIRE
Trapped Death
FIRE

25. Methods of
Extinguishing Fire
Understanding How Fire Can Be
Stopped

26. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 26
Blanketing or Smothering
(Exclusion of Oxygen)

27. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 27
Blanketing or Smothering
(Exclusion of Oxygen)
WET BLANKET

28. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 28
Blanketing or Smothering
(Exclusion of Oxygen)

29. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 29
Cooling or Quenching
(Reduction of Heat)

30. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 30
30
Removal of Fuel
(Elimination of Fuel)
trash
ebec 240308

31. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 31
Removal of Fuel
(Elimination of Fuel)
trash
ebec 240308

32. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 32
FIRES ARE CLASSIFIED BY THE
TYPE OF FUEL THEY BURN
The 4 Types are:
 Class A
 Class B
 Class C
 Class D

33. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 33
Class A:
Involve ordinary combustible
materials
• Wood
• Paper
• Plastic
• Rags

34. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 34
Class B: Surface Fire
• Gasoline
• Oil
• Grease
• Paint

35. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 35
• Electrical Fires
– Office Equipment
– Motors
– Switchgear
– Heaters
Class C: Energized Live Electrical
Equipment

36. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 36
Class D: Combustible Metals
•Metals
– Potassium
– Sodium
– Aluminum
– Magnesium

37. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 37
• Permanent
– Standpipe and
hose
– Sprinkler System
– Automatic
extinguishing
system
• Portable
Fire Extinguishers

38. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 38
Permanent Stand Pipe and Hose Set-up
Outdoor Indoor

39. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 39
Portable Fire Extinguishers

40. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 40
Fire Extinguishers
• DRY CHEMICAL
(POWDER)
• Suitable for Class
A, B, and C fires
• Red color

41. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 41
CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
• SUITABLE FOR
CLASS B AND
CLASS C FIRES
ONLY
• RED COLOR

42. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 42
DRY CHEMICAL FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
• THE MAIN
CHARACTERISTICS
OF A DRY CHEMICAL
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
IS TO BREAK THE
CHEMICAL CHAIN
REACTION OF THE
FIRE TRIANGLE

43. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 43
• SUITABLE FOR
CLASS A FIRES
ONLY
• STAINLESS
CONTAINER
PRESSURIZED WATER OR LIGHT
WATER

44. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 44
AQUEOUS FILM
FORMING FOAM
(AFFF)
Suitable for Class A and
B fires
Blue color
Fire Extinguishers

45. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 45
Fire Extinguishers
• HCFC 123
Vaporizing liquid
suitable for Class A, B,
and C fire
GREEN COLOR

46. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 46
Requirement Portable Fire
Extinguisher
• Of Approved Type
• The Right Type for the
Class of Fire
• Accessibly Located
• Maintained in Operating
Condition
• Operable by Trained
Personnel

47. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 47
“Use the PASS – word”
Using Portable Fire Extinguishers

48. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 48
1. Pull the pin
This will allow you
to discharge the
extinguisher.

49. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 49
2. Aim at the Base of the Fire
2. Aim at the Base of the Fire

50. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 50
3. Squeeze the lever or handle

51. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 51
4. Sweep from side to side
• SWEEP FROM SIDE TO SIDE UNTIL THE FIRE IS
COMPLETELY OUT

52. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 52
Remember………
The average hand portable extinguisher
will only operate for 15 to 30 seconds -----
There is NO TIME to learn during an
actual emergency.

53. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 53
In Case of Fire, Think…
OUND THE ALARM
DVISE THE FIRE BRIGADE AND CALL
THE FIRE DEPARTMENT
IGHT THE FIRE
VACUATE THE AREA

54. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 54
Transmitting a Fire Alarm
1. Kind of Fire
2. Location of Fire
3. Name of Caller
4. Telephone Number

55. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 55
What To Do
When There is Fire
1.Follow evacuation routes
2.Use stairways, not elevators
3.Walk, NEVER RUN.
4.Stay close to the ground where there is air
5.Test doors
6.Close the door behind you (but do not lock)

56. PROCEDURES IN ATTACKING
FIRE

57. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 57
PROCEDURES IN ATTACKING FIRE
1. SIZE UP THE SITUATION
2. RESCUE PEOPLE / VICTIM
3. COVER EXPOSURE
4. ATTACK
5. CONFINEMENT
6. EXTINGUISHMENT
7. OVERHAUL
8. PICK UP

58. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 58
Department - an organization comprised of one or
more stations or companies.
Company - an individual type of service (engine,
truck, squad) or an individual station.
Engine - a piece of motorized apparatus carrying at
least 500 gallons of water, 1,200 feet of supply
hose, and 400 of attack hose, some tools, ground
ladders, and equipped with a fire pump capable of
pumping at least 750 GPM of water (also called a
Pumper).
Basic Terminology

59. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 59
Basic Terminology
Truck - a piece of motorized apparatus carrying multiple
ground ladders, tools, and equipped with an aerial
device such as a ladder or platform

60. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 60
Basic Terminology
Tanker - a piece of motorized apparatus carrying at least
1,500 gallons of water and equipped with a pump of at
least 500 GPM; generally used for water transport
Squad - a piece of motorized apparatus carrying an
assortment of tools and rescue equipment such as that
used in vehicle extrication (e.g. rescue squad).

61. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 61
Basic Terminology
Ambulance - a unit
carrying certain medical
equipment and designed
for providing emergency
medical care and
transport; unit may be
used as a basic life
support unit for basic
medical care or advanced
life support where the
personnel are trained to
administer drugs and
perform other advanced
procedures.

62. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 62
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT
• FIREMAN’S COMPLETE
FIRE FIGHTING GEAR OR
THE PERSONNEL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
– THE SELF CONTAINED
BREATHING APPARATUS
– THE FIRE COAT WITH
TROUSERS (TURNOUT
GEAR)

63. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 63
TURNOUT GEAR

64. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 64
FIREFIGHTING HELMET

65. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 65
BUNKER BOOTS

66. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 66
FIRE GLOVES

67. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 67
SELF CONTAINED BREATHING
APPARATUS (SCBA)

68. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 68
FLOOR LADDER, SPANNER WRENCH, and
PICK HEAD AXE

69. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 69
FIRE HOSE
• A FLEXIBLE TUBE THAT
CARRIES WATER UNDER
PRESSURE
– 2 ½ HOSE
– 1 ½ HOSE
• SUCTION HOSE

70. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 70
• FIRE FIGHTING DEVICE THAT SHAPES, DIRECTS
AND CONTROLS, THE FIRE STREAM
NOZZLES

71. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 71
Questions?

72. Hospital Safety and Risk Management Committee
Subcommittee on Emergency Management
EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE SEMINAR An Introduction to Fire Fighting
Slide 72
Thank You and Good Day!