Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
pituitary gland.pptx
1. School of Basic And Applied Sciences
Course Code: B190102 Course Name: Nutritional Biochemistry
Name of the Faculty: Dr. Pallavi Srivastava Program Name: B.Sc. Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics
Topic
By:
2. Pituitary gland
“the master gland of the body”
The pituitary gland is small and oval-
shaped.
located at the base of your brain below
your hypothalamus
It’s a part of your endocrine system and is in
charge of making several essential hormones.
A gland is an organ that makes one or more
substances, such as hormones, digestive juices, sweat
or tears. Endocrine glands release hormones directly
into your bloodstream.
Endocrine glands release hormones directly
into your bloodstream.
3.
4. Lobes
Your pituitary gland is divided into two main sections:
1. the anterior pituitary (front lobe)
2. the posterior pituitary (back lobe).
Your pituitary is connected to your hypothalamus through a stalk of blood
vessels and nerves called the pituitary stalk (also known as infundibulum).
5. Anterior lobe
The anterior lobe of your pituitary gland is made up of several different types of cells that produce and
release different types of hormones, including:
6. Growth hormone (GH):
In children, growth hormone stimulates growth. In other words, it helps
In adults, growth hormone helps maintain healthy muscles and bones and
distribution. GH also impacts your metabolism (how your body turns the food
energy).
•Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):
•the ovaries to produce estrogen and plays a role in egg development in
people assigned female at birth. This is known as a gonadotrophic hormone.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotrophin):
ACTH plays a role in how your body responds to stress. which has many
functions, including regulating metabolism, maintaining blood pressure,
regulating blood glucose (blood sugar) levels and reducing inflammation,
among others.
7. Luteinizing hormone (LH): LH stimulates ovulation in people assigned
female at birth and testosterone production in people assigned male at birth. LH is
also known as a gonadotrophic hormone because of the role it plays in controlling
the function of the ovaries and testes, known as the gonads.
•Prolactin: Prolactin stimulates breast milk production (lactation) after giving
birth. It can affect fertility and sexual functions in adults.
•Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): TSH stimulates your thyroid to
produce thyroid hormones that manage your metabolism, energy levels and
your nervous system.
8.
9. Posterior pituitary
Your hypothalamus makes two hormones but stores them in the posterior
pituitary. When these hormones are needed, your hypothalamus sends a
signal to the posterior pituitary to release them into the bloodstream. These
two hormones are:
•Oxytocin: This hormone assists in the birthing process (stimulates uterine
muscle contraction) and in lactation (release of breast milk). It’s also thought
to play a role in human bonding, sexual arousal, trust, recognition, sleep cycle
and feelings of well-being
•Vasopressin: This hormone, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), regulates
control of your body’s water/urine volume and blood pressure.
10.
11. Pituitary gland conditions
Several conditions can affect your pituitary gland. Most are caused by a tumor
in or around the pituitary gland. This can impact the release of hormones.
Examples of pituitary gland disorders include:
•Pituitary tumors. Pituitary tumors are usually noncancerous. However, they often interfere with
the release of hormones. They can also press against other areas of your brain, leading to vision
problems or headaches.
•Hyperprolactinemia. In this condition, your blood contains an unusually high amount of
prolactin. This can lead to infertility and a decreased sex drive.
•Traumatic brain injury. This involves a sudden blow to your brain. Depending on the injury, it
can sometimes damage your pituitary gland and cause problems with memory, communication, or
behavior.
