Industrial Microbiology

1. SRI PARAMAKALYANI COLLEGE
REACCRITED WITH A+ GRADE WITH A GCPA OF 3.39 IN THE THIRD
CYCLE OF NAAC
ALWARKURICHI 627 412
AFFILIATED TO MANONMANIYAM SUNDARANAR
UNIVERSITY, TIRUNELVELI.
POST GRADUATE AND RESEACH
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
IV SEM CORE: INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
UNIT – I
Submitted by,
K. PETCHIMUTHU
REG NO: 20211232516119
II M.SC.MICROBIOLOGY
SRI PARAMAKALYANI COLLEGE
ALWARKURICHI.
Submitted to,
Dr.S.VISWANATHAN, Ph.D,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR & HEAD,
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
SRI PARAMAKALYANI COLLEGE,
ALWARKURICHI.

2. Synopsis
• Introduction ,
• Microbes ,
• Industrial products ,
• Role microbs ,
• Reference .

4. • We will learn about Microbes
in Industrial Products.
• Do you know which drug is
used to treat cholesterol?
• Do you know there are some
microbes that help in
producing antibiotics,
vitamins, etc.?
• Though we think microbes are
always harmful, the use
of microbes in industrial
products is very much helpful
to humans.

5. Introduction
• They are used in many
large-scale industrial
processes.
• They produce chemicals
such as ethanol, which is
used as a fuel, solvent and
for many other purposes,
as well as glycerol, a
common metabolite in
food and medicine, and a
number of other
chemicals.

6. Role of Microbes in
Industrial Products

7. Microbes in Industrial Products
• These microbes play a crucial role in the fermentation
process to obtain a number of products.
• The common products obtained by fermentation
process through industrial processes are
• fermented beverages,
• malted cereals,
• broths,
• fruit juices,
• antibiotics, etc.

9. Industrial product

10. 1. Beverages
• Microbes especially yeast have been used
from time immemorial for the production
of beverages like wine, beer, whiskey,
brandy or rum.
• For this purpose, the yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae (commonly
called Brewer’s Yeast) is used for
fermenting malted cereals and fruit
juices to produce ethanol.

11. 2. Antibiotics
• Antibiotics produced by microbes are regarded
was one of the most significant discoveries of
the twentieth century and have made major
contributions towards the welfare of human
society.
• Many antibiotics are produced
by microorganisms, predominantly
by Actinomycetes in the
genus Streptomycin (e.g. Tetracycline,
Streptomycin, Actinomycin D) and
by filamentous fungi (e.g. Penicillin,
Cephalosporin)

13. 3.Organic Acids
• Microbes are also used for the commercial and
industrial production of certain organic acids. These
compounds can be produced directly
from glucose (e.g. gluconic acid) or formed as end
products from pyruvate or ethanol.
• Examples of acids producing microorganisms
are Aspergillus Niger (a fungus) of Citric
acid, Acetobacter acute (a bacterium) of Acetic
Acid, Lactobacillus (a bacterium) of lactic acid and
many others.

15. 4. Amino Acids
• Amino acids such as Lysine and Glutamic acid are used in the food industry
as nutritional supplements in bread products and as flavor enhancing
compounds such as Monosodium Glutamate (MSG).
• “In early days, monosodium glutamate (MSG) was extracted from the
vegetable proteins (wheat and soy).”
• Crystals of the food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG).Amino acids
are generally synthesized as primary metabolites by microbes. However,
when the rate and amount of synthesis of some amino acids exceed the
cell’s need for protein synthesis, then cell excrete them into the
surrounding medium.

17. 5.Enzymes
• Many microbes synthesize and excrete large quantities of
enzymes into the surrounding medium.
• Using this feature of these tiny organisms, many enzymes have been
produced commercially.
• These include Amylase, Cellulase, Protease, Lipase, Pectinase, and
many others.
• Enzymes are extensively used in food
processing and preservation, washing powders, leather industry,
paper industry and in scientific research.

19. 6.Vitamins
• Vitamins are some organic compounds which are capable of
performing many life-sustaining functions inside our body.
• These compounds cannot be synthesized by humans, and
therefore they have to be supplied in small amounts in the
diet.
• Microbes are capable of synthesizing the vitamins and hence
they can be successfully used for the commercial production
of many of the vitamins.
• (e.g). thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folic acid, pantothenic
acid, biotin, vitamin b12, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene (pro-
vitamin A), ergosterol (provitamin D).

21. 7. Biofuels
• Organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, butanol, and glycerol are
some very important chemicals that are widely used in petrochemical
industries. These chemicals can be commercially produced by
using microbes and low-cost raw materials (e.g. wood, cellulose,
starch).
• “Brazil was the first country to produce ethanol in large scale by yeast
fermentation, utilizing sugarcane and cassava.”
• Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used for commercial production of
ethanol. This alcohol is used as motor fuel and is often referred to
as green petrol.

23. 8. Single Cell Protein (SCP)
• Single Cell Protein (SCP) can serve as an alternate source of energy when
a larger portion of the world is suffering from hunger and malnutrition.
• Single cell proteins are microbial cells that are rich in protein content and
can be used as protein supplements for humans and animals.
• Microbes like Spirulina can be grown easily on materials like waste water
from potato processing plants (containing starch), straw, molasses,
animal manure, and even sewage, to produce large quantities and can
serve as food rich in protein, minerals, fats, carbohydrate, and vitamins.

25. 9.steroids
• These are a very important group of chemicals,
which are used as anti-inflammatory drugs,
and as hormones such as estrogens and
progesterone, which are used in oral
contraceptives.
• Steroids are widely distributed in animals,
plants, and fungi like yeasts. But,
producing steroids from animal
sources or chemically synthesizing them
is difficult, but microorganisms can synthesize
steroids from sterols or from related, easily
obtained compounds.

26. • (E. g) 1,Curvulariya lunata
2,Corynebacterium simplex

27. 10.Vaccines
• Vaccines are also a product of industrial
microbiology. Many antiviral
vaccines are mass-produced in chicken
eggs or cell cultures.
• The production of vaccines
against bacterial diseases usually requires
the growth of large amounts of the
bacteria.
• Recombinant DNA technology is
increasingly important in the development
and production of subunit vaccines.

28. 11. Pharmaceutical Drugs
• Many pharmaceutical drugs are also produced
by microbes e.g. Cyclosporin A, that is used as an
immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is
produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum.
• Neutron structure of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin
A.Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have
been commercialized as blood-cholesterol lowering agents.
It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible
for the synthesis of cholesterol.

29. 12.Dairy Products
• Fermented milk or dairy products have been part of human diet
since ancient times.
• Various fermented products are made by different strains.
• Lactic acid fermentation is performed most often by lactic acid
bacteria.
• The main genera that belong to the lactic acid bacteria group
are: Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, Pediococcusand Stre
ptococcus.
• These bacteria ferment the carbohydrates in milk, the major one
being lactose, to lactic acid and some other products.

31. Reference
• Fundamentals and Principles of Industrial
Microbiology - Agarwal and Parker.
• Food microbiology, forth edition, William C Frazier,
Dennis C Westhoff.
• Fundamentals of Food Microbiology, Fifth edition,
Bibek Roy , Arun Bhunia.
• Morden Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology,
Nduka Okafor .
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_microorgani
sms_used_in_food_and_beverage_preparation.