Endemic goiter is a prevalent health condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck. It is primarily caused by an insufficient intake of iodine, an essential mineral required for the production of thyroid hormones.
This PowerPoint presentation aims to provide a comprehensive overview of endemic goiter, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures.
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ENDEMIC GOITER.pptx
1. E T I O L O G Y A N D P R E V E N T I O N
S U B M I T T E D B Y :
R A M E S H B E H R A
ENDEMIC GOITER
2. CONTENTS
ENDEMIC GOITER DEFINATION
ETIOLOGY
HOW IT HAPPENS
SYMPTOMS
PREVENTIONS
IODISED SALT
SEAFOODS AND OTHER METHODS.
3. WHAT IS ENDEMIC GOITER
Defined as thyroid enlargement due to iodine
deficiency, primarily dietary deficiency
Endemic goiter term is used when the local
prevalence is greater than 5 - 10%
Common in mountainous and iodine deficient areas
of the world where the diet contains insufficient
amount of iodine
4. Over 1/3 of world population live in iodine deficient
area; 1.6 billion are at risk of iodine deficiency; 655
million have goiter
5. ETIOLOGY
Some inland areas where soil and water lacks in
iodine compounds and consumption of marine
foods is low are known for higher incidence of goitre.
In such areas goitre is said to be "endemic“
mostly common in african countries
6. HOW?
When iodine intake is low, thyroid hormone
production is low, and in response the pituitary
gland secretes greater quantities of the
hormone thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone,
TSH) in an attempt to restore thyroid hormone
production to normal. This excess thyrotropin
stimulates not only thyroid hormone production but
also thyroid growth.
7.
8. SYMPTOMS
The main symptoms of goiter include:
A swelling in the front of the neck, just below the
Adam's apple
A feeling of tightness in the throat area
Hoarseness (scratchy voice)
Neck vein swelling
Dizziness when the arms are raised above the head
11. IODIZED SALT
In 1917, physician David Marine began conducting
experiments demonstrating that taking iodine
supplements was effective at reducing the incidence
of goiters.
Soon after in 1920, many countries around the globe
began fortifying table salt with iodine in an effort to
prevent iodine deficiency.
The introduction of iodized salt was incredibly
effective at eliminating the deficiency in many parts
of the world.
12. Just a half teaspoon (3 grams) of iodized salt per day
is enough to meet your daily iodine requirement
13. OTHER SOURCES
it’s entirely possible to meet your iodine needs
without consuming iodized salt.
Other good sources include seafood, dairy products,
grains and eggs.
14. SEAFOODS
Seaweed: 1 sheet dried contains 11–1,989% of the
RDI
Cod: 3 ounces (85 grams) contains 66% of the RDI
Shrimp: 3 ounces (85 grams) contains 23% of the
RDI
Canned tuna: 3 ounces (85 grams) contains 11% of
the RDI
15.
16. OTHER METHODS
Addition of iodide or iodate to bread
Use of tablets containing potassium or sodium iodide
Administration of iodinated oil.