Although the term "iodine-deficiency disorders" (!DD) is of relatively recent provenance, having been introduced by Dr Basil Hetzel just two years ago, it is a term that very appropriately covers the tragic spectrum of mental and physical disability resulting from an inadequate dietary intake and supply of iodine to the developing brain of the foetus, infant and young child. At the benign end of the spectrum is the widely prevalent and largely cosmetic condition of goitre, while at the opposite end is the relatively uncommon syndrome of cretinism. Between these poles is a range of impaired mental and physical functions of varying severity.

1. Iodine for Mother
and Fetus

2. IODINE
 It is an essential micro-nutrient ( Trace element ).
 It was discovered in 1811 by COURTOIS.
 Storage in- Thyroid gland It is necessary for the
synthesis of T3 & T4 thyroid hormones.
 Iodine present in food & water as- Inorganic iodide
 Absorbed from- Gut

3. IODINE
WENEEDIT.
WECAN’TLIVEWITHOUTIT!

4. SourceofIodine

5. IODIDES
TherapeuticUses

6. LOCATIONof
ThyroidGland

7. KeepingItRight:
TheBody’sNatural
ThyroidHormone
“Thermostat”

8. Synthesisand
Releaseofthyroid
hormones

9. Iodine
Deficiency – A
Disease of
The Soil

10. CAUSESOF
IODINE
DEFICIENCY

11. DietsThatMay
CauseIodine
Deficiency
 Diets without ocean fish or sea vegetables
 Inadequate use of iodized salt including low-sodium
diets
 Diets high in the consumption of bakery products (e.g.,
breads, pasta) which contain bromide
 Vegan and vegetarian diets

12. EffectofIodine
Deficiency
Disorder

13. Requirements

14. IodineDeficiency
Disorders
&HumanLife
Cycle
1) Unborn Child (Foetus)
2) Newborn Child (Neonate)
3) Child & Adolescent
4) Adult

16. Iodine Deficiency Iodine Sufficiency
Iodine Deficiency is the single most
common cause of preventable mental retardation
Brain Cell Growth

17. • Diminished brain cell branching due to iodine deficiency
• Diminished branching  Less connections  Lower IQ
Brain cell
Branching
And
IQ

18. Implications
of
Lossof I.Q.
1. Poor Scholastic performance
2. Frequent failures / grade repetitions
3. Absenteeism / Drop outs
4. Major implications: Education for All
5. Consequent economic & social effects
6. Drain on Human Resource Development

19. Iodine Deficiency = Goitre =
Visible Swelling
No Pain = Not a cause of
Mortality = Cosmetic problem
Cretinism rare
Historic
View
Current
View
Mental & Physical growth
Loss of Energy-hypothyroidism
Learning Disability, Poor Motivation
Child Development and Child Survival
Human Resource Development
IDD – The
Hourglass

20. CRETINISM

21. 1% - 10%
Cretinism
5% - 30%
Some brain damage
30% - 70%
Loss of energy due to hypothyroidism
Iceberg
of
IDD

22. Assessingtheseverityofiodine deficiencyinthe
community:
CLASSIFICATION OF GOITER SIZE
Grade Description
0 no goiter
1 A thyroid lobes more than end of the thumb
B thyroid enlarged, visible when the head tilted back
2 thyroid enlarged, visible when neck in normal position
3 thyroid greatly enlarged, visible from about 10 meters
World Health Organisation

23. HYPOTHYROIDISM

25. Appropriate
ThyroidBlood
Testsand
ThyroidConditions

26. Consequences
ofPerchlorate
 Breast disease
 Hypothyroidism
 Immune System Problems
 Mental retardation in newborns
 Neurologic Problems
 Poor fetal development
 Poor neonatal development
 Thyroid cancer

27. NationalIodine
Deficiency
DisordersControl
Programme
 National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme
Launch of National Goitre Control Programme, 1962
 OBJECTIVES: Identification of Goitre endemic areas &
supply of iodised salt in these areas.
 To assess the impact of goitre control measures over a
period of time.
 Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme, 1986 with
an objective to replace entire edible salt by iodine salt, in
phased manner by 1992.
 To Reduce the prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorders
below 10% in the entire country by 2012 Achieve
Universal Access to Iodized Salt.*
*Source: 11 th Five Year Plan, Govt. of India

28. • In 1983, Government of India took policy decision to iodize all salt meant for human consumption
Universal Salt Iodization (USI)
• Private sector was permitted and encouraged to produce iodized salt
• “Elimination of goiter” was included in then Prime Minister’s 20-point National Development Program
• Govt. of India issued notification banning the salt of non iodized salt for direct human consumption with
effect from 17th May, 2006.
Universal Salt Iodization