They are involved in various physiological processes, such as metabolism, immune response, and DNA repair. Biomolecules from horticultural crops, including vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids, have been linked to numerous health benefits. They can act as antioxidants, reducing oxidative stress and lowering the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer. Biomolecules are used in pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements, highlighting their significance in therapeutics and health.

1. Novel Biomolecules from
Horticultural Crops and Their
Role in Therapeutics and Health
Benefits
Dr. R.T. Patil
Former Director, CIPHET, Ludhiana
Chairman, Benevole Welfare Society for Post
Harvest Technology, Bhopal

2. Indian Agriculture
• India has 17% of world’s population, has 4% water
and only 2.4% land.
• Agriculture contributes about 18 to GDP, employees
49% workforce and sustains approx over 58% of
the population
• India produces about 315.7 million tons of food
grains and 350.87 million tons of fruits and
vegetables and ranks second in world, however due
to lack proper storage and processing the losses
are 10% in food grains and upto 25% in horticultural
produce. (15 B USD=Rs. 1 Lakh crores)
• Horticulture crops are source of biomolecules like
vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids and anti oxidents
which are linked to numerous health benefits.

3. Importance of Biomolecules in
Therapeutic & Health
• They are involved in various physiological
processes, such as metabolism, immune response,
and DNA repair.
• Biomolecules from horticultural crops, including
vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids, have been
linked to numerous health benefits.
• They can act as antioxidants, reducing oxidative
stress and lowering the risk of chronic diseases like
heart disease and cancer.
•Biomolecules are used in pharmaceuticals and
dietary supplements, highlighting their significance

4. Apples: Apples are rich in vitamins (particularly vitamin C),
dietary fiber, and antioxidants like quercetin and
catechins1.
Berries (e.g., blueberries, strawberries, raspberries): These
fruits are packed with antioxidants, especially
anthocyanins and flavonoids, which contribute to their
vibrant colors and health benefits2.
Citrus fruits (e.g., oranges, lemons, grapefruits): Citrus
fruits are renowned for their high vitamin C content,
which supports the immune system and overall health3.
Biomolecules of Fruits

5. Broccoli: Broccoli contains sulforaphane, a potent
anticancer compound, and is a good source of
vitamins K and C4.
Spinach: Spinach is rich in iron, calcium, and folate,
making it an excellent choice for bone and blood
health5.
Carrots: Carrots are known for their beta-carotene
content, a precursor to vitamin A, which is essential
for eye health6,7.
Biomolecules of Vegetables

6. Basil: Basil contains essential oils like eugenol and
flavonoids, which have antimicrobial and anti-
inflammatory properties8.
Rosemary: Rosemary is high in antioxidants like
rosmarinic acid, which may have neuroprotective
effects and support cognitive function9.
Mint: Mint leaves contain menthol, which can have
soothing effects on the digestive system10
Biomolecules of Herbs

7. Almonds: Almonds are a good source of
vitamin E and healthy fats, contributing
to heart health11.
Walnuts: Walnuts are rich in omega-3
fatty acids and antioxidants, which are
beneficial for brain health and reducing
inflammation12.
Biomolecules of Nuts

8. Decorative Plants:
Lavender: Lavender contains essential oils like linalool
and linalyl acetate, known for their calming and
relaxation-inducing properties13.
Miscellaneous Crops:
Onions: Onions contain sulfur compounds and quercetin,
which have potential health benefits, including antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory effects14.
Tomatoes: Tomatoes are a source of lycopene, a powerful
antioxidant linked to reduced risk of chronic diseases15.
Biomolecules of Decorative
Plants & Miscellaneous

9. Reduced Risk of Chronic Diseases: Biomolecules such as
polyphenols and flavonoids, are potent antioxidants that help
combat oxidative stress and inflammation in the body and reduced
risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
Enhanced Immune Function: Vitamins, particularly vitamin C found
in fruits like oranges and kiwis, play a crucial role in boosting the
immune system so the body defend against infections and
illnesses.
Improved Digestive Health: Dietary fiber from vegetables like
broccoli and carrots aids in digestion and regulates bowel
movements and healthy gut microbiome,
Better Eye Health: Carotenoids like beta-carotene found in carrots
are essential for maintaining good vision and reducing the risk of
age-related eye diseases like macular degeneration.
Bone Health: Calcium and vitamin K, present in kale and spinach,
support strong and healthy bones.
Health Benefits of Horticultural
Biomolecules

10. Cancer Treatment: Biomolecules, such as resveratrol from grapes and
sulforaphane from broccoli, have shown promise in cancer prevention and
treatment. Resveratrol, for instance, has demonstrated anti-tumor effects in
preclinical studies.
Cardiovascular Health: Flavonoids found in fruits like apples and berries
have been linked to improved cardiovascular health. Clinical trials have
shown that regular consumption of flavonoid-rich foods can lower blood
pressure and reduce the risk of heart disease.
Diabetes Management: Bioactive compounds in cinnamon, a spice, have
been investigated for their potential in managing blood sugar levels in
diabetes patients. Some studies suggest that cinnamon may enhance insulin
sensitivity.
Neurological Disorders: Curcumin, from the turmeric, is being studied for its
neuroprotective properties. Clinical trials are exploring its potential in
Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions.
Skin Health: Aloe vera contains compounds like polysaccharides and
polyphenols that have been used in dermatological therapies for wound
healing and skin conditions.
Therapeutic Applications of
Horticultural Biomolecules

11. Polyphenols from Berries: Diet rich in berries is a simple way to benefit
from these compounds.
Lycopene from Tomatoes: Protects the skin from UV damage and also
supports heart health.
Sulforaphane from Broccoli and Cruciferous Vegetables: potential
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects contribute to healthier aging.
Sulforaphane supplements are also available in the market.
Curcumin from Turmeric: Potential role in reducing the risk of age-
related diseases and improving cognitive function. Turmeric supplements
and curcumin extracts are commercially available.
Resveratrol from Grapes: Resveratrol is found in the skin of red grapes
has ability to activate sirtuins, proteins associated with longevity. Red
wine, grape juice, and resveratrol supplements are sources of this
compound.
Catechins from Green Tea: Particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
which supports healthy aging by protecting cells from oxidative stress.
Anthocyanins from Purple and Red Fruits: May help improve cognitive
function and vascular health.
Anti-aging Biomolecules

12. Bioavailability: Some biomolecules have low
bioavailability, meaning the body may not absorb them
efficiently. This limits their therapeutic potential.
Standardization: Variability in biomolecule content due
to factors like plant genetics and growing conditions can
pose challenges in ensuring consistent therapeutic
benefits.
Safety and Dosage: Determining the safe and effective
dosage of biomolecules for therapeutic use is a complex
task, as excessive consumption may lead to adverse
effects.
Regulatory Hurdles: The regulatory landscape for
natural products and dietary supplements can be
complex making it challenging to bring horticultural
biomolecules to market.
Challenges in Harnessing
Biomolecules

13. Nanotechnology: Exploring nanocarriers and encapsulation techniques
to improve the bioavailability and enhance their therapeutic effectiveness.
Standardization and Quality Control: Developing standardized methods
for the extraction, purification, and quality control of biomolecules to
ensure consistency.
Clinical Trials: Continued clinical trials to establish the safety, efficacy,
and optimal dosages of these biomolecules for specific therapeutic
applications.
Biotechnology: Genetic modification enhances the production of specific
biomolecules that could lead to crops with higher therapeutic potential.
Synergistic Combinations: Future research may focus on the synergistic
effects of combining different biomolecules to create more potent and
targeted therapies.
Regulatory Clarity: As the field matures, regulatory agencies are likely to
provide clearer guidelines for the approval and marketing of biomolecule-
based therapies.
Global Collaboration: International collaborations will help address
challenges related to standardization, safety, and quality control.
Potential Solutions

14. Jamun : Antioxidant Anthocyanins, Polyphenols flavonoids and tannins,
Vitamins tamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin B complex (including B1, B2,
B3, and B6, Minerals potassium, calcium, and iron, Resins and gums in
the seeds, Triterpenoids for anti-diabetic properties.
Bael Fruit : Vitamin C for immunity, Minerals, calcium, phosphorus,
for bone health, Iron for oxygen transport in the blood, and potassium to
regulate blood pressure. Tannins as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties.Pectin to lower cholesterol levels and regulate blood sugar.
Jackfruit : Dietary Fiber for healthy gastrointestinal system. Vitamins:
vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin A (in the form of beta-carotene), vitamin
B6, and various B-complex vitamins. for immune system, for vision and
skin health, Vitamin B6 for metabolism and nerve function. Minerals:
potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Potassium for regulating blood
pressure, for muscle and nerve function, and for bone health. Also
Phytonutrients:flavonoids and phenolics, Phytochemicals: lignans,
saponins, and isoflavones.
Biomolecules of Traditional
Fruits

15. •The fruits, vegetables, herbs are rich sources of diverse biomolecules,
such as polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, and essential oils.
•Consuming biomolecules offers a wide range of health benefits, from
reducing the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer to
enhancing immune function and supporting overall well-being.
•Scientific evidence and clinical studies have proven effect of these
biomolecules in cancer treatment, cardiovascular health, diabetes
management, and neurological disorders.
•Challenges like bioavailability, standardization, safety, and regulatory
are being addressed by ongoing research and innovative solutions.
•The future of biomolecules in therapeutics is promising, with emerging
trends like personalized nutrition, advanced delivery systems, and
precision medicine on the horizon.
•The horticultural biomolecules are a valuable and natural resource for
improving human health. Harnessing the full potential of biomolecules
offers the prospect of more effective, personalized, and sustainable
approaches to healthcare, ultimately benefiting individuals and
societies alike.
Conclusion

19. An Appeal
The fruits and vegetables are high value
nutraceutical and functional foods
•Hence increase their consumption in daily
diet
•Consume one seasonal fruit a day to get
vitamins and minerals for good health
•Greet with a basket of fruits so fruit
consumption among Indians is increased
•Consume more mixed-fruit jam, and use it to
make milk shakes instead of fresh fruits to
increase its consumption which will help
reduce post harvest losses.

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