2. Genetic recombination
◦ transfer of DNA from one organism(donor)to another organism(recipient) the transferred donor may than be
integrated into the recipient’s genetic material by various mechanisms
◦ Like mutation,genetic recombination which contributes to genetic diversity of a population which is the source
of variation in evolution
3. types of gene transfer in bacteria
◦ Transduction
◦ Transformation
◦ conjugation
4. transduction
◦ Gene transfer from a donor to a recipient by a way of bacteriophage
◦ Discovered by Lederberg and zinder in 1951
◦ Bacteriophage: a virus that infects bacteria
5. bacteriophage
◦ obligate intracellular parasites that multiply inside bacteria by making use of some or all of the host biosynthetic
machinery(virus that infect bacteria)
6. types of bacteriophage
◦ bacteriophages have been classified into types on the basis of their interaction with a bacterial cell
i. Virulent phages
ii. Temperate phages
7.
8. types of transduction
◦ Generalized transduction: transduction in which potentially any donor bacterial gene can be transferred under
lytic process
◦ Specialised transduction: transduction in which only certain donor genes can be transferred under lysogenic
process
9.
10. transformation
◦ process by which dNA released by the donor bacteria into environment is acquired by the recipient bacteria
◦ First time demonstrated by Frederick Griffith in 1928 on streptococcus pneumonia
11.
12. conjugation
◦ Genetic recombination in which there is transfer of DNA from a living donor bacterium to a recipient
bacterium often involves a sex pilus
◦ Discovered in 1946 by Joshua Lederberg and Edward tatum
◦ Bridge like structure is formed between two cells
19. Title Lorem Ipsum
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET,
CONSECTETUER ADIPISCING ELIT.
NUNC VIVERRA IMPERDIET ENIM.
FUSCE EST. VIVAMUS A TELLUS.
PELLENTESQUE HABITANT MORBI
TRISTIQUE SENECTUS ET NETUS.
