Gene transfer- Horizontal & Vertical

1. GENE
TRANSFER
Submitted by-
Gurniman Kaur
(A0989220043)

2. Introduction to Gene Transfer
 Insertion of unrelated genetic information into cells in the form
of DNA is known as gene transfer.
 The movement of genetic information between organisms is
known as gene transfer.
Gene transfer can be done by 2 methods
Horizontal Gene Transfer Vertical Gene Transfer

3. Vertical Gene Transfer
 Vertical gene transfer is a method of gene transferring from parent to their offspring.
 It can occur either through sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction.
 Genomes are passed from one generation to the next generation occurs via vertical gene transferring in
living organisms naturally.
 By doing this, valuable characteristics can be stored in the offspring allowing circulation in future
generations.
 In bacteria, the most common asexual
reproduction method is binary fission. Binary
fission results in two identical bacterial cells. It
is an example of vertical gene transfer
method of bacteria.

4. Horizontal Gene Transfer
 Horizontal gene transfer is a mechanism in which genetic material is transferred between nonrelated
organisms.
 It is also known as lateral gene transfer.
 It occurs between different genomes such as between different species.
 Horizontal gene transferring is made easy due to several types of DNA possessed by organisms. They are
mainly mobile genetic elements such as transposons, plasmids, and bacteriophages.
It occurs via several mechanisms as follows
Transformation Transduction Conjugation

5. Bacterial transformation is a
process of horizontal gene
transfer by which some bacteria
take up foreign genetic material
(naked DNA) from the
environment.
Transformation is the process by
which an organism acquires
exogenous DNA.
TRANSFORMATION

6. TRANSDUCTION
Transduction is the process by
which a virus transfers genetic
material from one bacterium to
another.
Viruses called bacteriophages are
able to infect bacterial cells and
use them as hosts to make more
viruses.

7. CONJUGATION
Conjugation is the process by which one bacterium transfers
genetic material to another through direct contact.
The donor bacterium carries a DNA sequence called the fertility
factor, or F-factor.

8. Mechanisms
of
Horizontal
Gene
Transfer

9. SIGNIFICANCE OF
GENE TRANSFER
• Gene transfer technology provides the ability to
genetically manipulate the cells of higher
animals.
• Helps to maintain flow of information between
bacteria and other organisms.
• Helps in gaining resistance to antimicrobial
treatments.
• Gene transfer provide conservation of genetic
properties.

10. REFERENCES
• Methods of Gene Transfer: Meaning, Applications, Diagrams (embibe.com)
• Gene Transfer Technique - MyBioSource Learning Center
• Burmeister A. R. (2015). Horizontal Gene Transfer. Evolution, medicine, and public health,
2015(1), 193–194. https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eov018
• Methods of Gene Transfer: 6 Methods (biologydiscussion.com)
• Keeling, P., Palmer, J. Horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotic evolution. Nat Rev Genet 9,
605–618 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2386

11. THANK YOU!