This slide explains the advanced approaches of qualitative research: ethnography, phenomenological research, and group discussion. We provided many illustrations for ease of understanding.

1. Methods of Data Collection- Part-III:
Advance Approaches of Qualitative Research
Dr. Rajeev Kumar,
M.S.W., (TISS, Mumbai), M.Phil., (CIP, Ranchi), UGC-JRF., Ph.D., (IIT Kharagpur)
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2. Recap of the previous session
So far as we had learnt the
essence of qualitative research
approach. How it is different from
quantitative approach.
We had discussed about the initial
four qualitative methods:
interviews, case study, historical
research, and observation.
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Typology of Qualitative research tools
Qualitative
research tools
Interviews
Case study
Historical
archival research
Observation
Ethnography
Phenomenology
Focus group
discussion
Document analysis:
Books, diary,
newspaper, and social
media

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8. Some reflections of rural living
It was winter season of December,
2002. As part of rural living, we
lived with the families of Bhil
communities. We ate with them,
slept in their house, interacted
with them closely. We learnt their
cultural beliefs and life style.
And how they are being benefited
with the development
programmes.
This tribal village is located at the
border of Gujrat, Madhya Pradesh,
and Rajasthan.
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10. Example-1:
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• In 2011, guided by anthropologists at the University of Chicago, Alan
and Jerri made a preliminary research trip to India to begin to unravel
the mystery. In 2013, they were awarded a Fulbright-Nehru grant to
continue the work. They spent five months in India and determined that
the photographs were made by a U.S. soldier stationed at the Salua
airfield, a once secret American base near Kharagpur, India. The
photographer was associated with the 10th Photographic Technical Unit
of the XX Bomber Command, which operated in the China-Burma-India
Theater during World War II. The unit worked from 1942-1945 preparing
for a possible invasion of Japan. With the end of the war in Europe and
the decision to drop the atomic bomb, the unit was dissolved. May 1945
was a transitional period, while the men were waiting to be reassigned.
• These images provide a window into an India that has changed
dramatically in some areas while remaining the same in
others. Following the Box is visual story telling across space, time and
culture, a mystery tale of old photographs and new artistic
interpretations.

13. Following the Box : People of West Bengal
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14. Following the box: A case of Digital and photo ethnography
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15. Following the Box: What was kept in that shoe box?
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16. How those photographs of 1945 holds relevance with present
Kharagpur (West Bengal)?
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17. The portrayal of lives in 1945
Those photographs helped to understand
the socio-economic, cultural conditions,
and infrastructure development of rural
India amidst the second world war
(1939-1945)
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Typology of Qualitative research tools
Qualitative
research tools
Interviews
Case study
Historical
archival
research
Observation
Ethnography
Phenomenology
Focus group
discussion
Document analysis:
Books, diary,
newspaper, and social
media

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20. Phenomenology: Major emphasis on feelings, perception, and
experience
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21. Example-2: Dr. Ian Stevenson research on Reincarnation as
phenomenology
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22. Example-3: Phenomenology of Mystic experience of spiritual emergency
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23. Example-4: phenomenology of revealed knowledge
to ancient sages
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25. Example-5: Hermeneutic phenomenology
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Typology of Qualitative research tools
Qualitative
research tools
Interviews
Case study
Historical
archival
research
Observation
Ethnography
Phenomenology
Focus group
discussion
Document analysis:
Books, diary,
newspaper, and social
media

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29. Sociogram
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30. What does Sociogram indicates?
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31. Exercise:
Identify the dynamics and leadership in FGD
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32. Summary of the session
In this session, we had discussion on the advances approaches of
qualitative research.
We learnt about ethnography and its applicability to specific
community and situation, various types, we understood the illustration
of digital or photography ethnography (Following the Box)
We understood the basics of phenomenology research through various
examples. Then me moved to the methods and applicability of FGD.
In the next session, we will have discussion on the mixed methods.
If you have any query, confusion or feedback, you may raise it.
Thanks for your kind attention!! Keep learning
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