This document discusses qualitative research methods for data collection. It provides examples of different qualitative research tools, including interviews, case studies, historical research, observation, and document analysis. Interviews can be structured, semi-structured, or in-depth. Case studies examine a single subject or case in detail. Historical research analyzes archival documents and diaries. Participant observation involves researchers immersing themselves in the research setting. The session provides examples of each method and discusses how they are used to collect qualitative data.

1. Methods of Data Collection- Part-II
Basic Understanding of Qualitative Research
Dr. Rajeev Kumar,
M.S.W., (TISS, Mumbai), M.Phil., (CIP, Ranchi), UGC-JRF., Ph.D., (IIT Kharagpur)
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 1

2. The essence of this session
In the last session, we
had discussed the tools
of quantitative data
collection and concerned
terms.
In this session, we will
learn about qualitative
research and data
collection tools in this
research approach.
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 2

3. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 3

4. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 4

5. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 5

6. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 6

7. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 7

8. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 8
Typology of Qualitative research tools
Qualitative
research tools
Interviews
Case study
Historical
archival research
Observation
Ethnography
Phenomenology
Focus group
discussion
Document analysis:
Books, diary,
newspaper, and social
media

9. Interviews
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 9

10. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 10

11. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 11

12. Example-1: Structure interview for screening
alcohol problem in community
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 12

13. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 13

14. Example-2: In-depth interview of Dr. A.P.J Kalam
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 14

15. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 15

16. Example-3: Semi-structured interview
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 16

17. Further classification of interviews
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 17

18. Case Study
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 18

19. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 19

20. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 20

21. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 21

22. Example-4: A combo of caste study+ diary+ historical
research
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 22

23. Brief about Anne Frank
• Anne Frank was just 15 years old when
she died but her diary is perhaps the best
known document chronicling life under
Nazi occupation and the persecution
suffered by Jews.
• The Jewish Frank family moved into a
secret annex on the premises of the
company owned by Anne’s father in order
to escape capture by the Nazis. They lived
there with another Jewish family named
the van Pels and, later, a Jewish dentist
named Fritz Pfeffer.
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 23

24. Example-5
Historical Research : Neta Ji Subhash Chandra Bose
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 24

25. Historical research revealed Neta Ji never died
in plane crash
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 25

26. One of the biggest controversy of historical
research
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 26

27. 1966: Whether Lal Bahadur Shastri met Neta ji
in Tashkent ?
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 27

28. What happened to Shastri Ji?
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 28

29. Hidden truth of historical research: Eventually what
happened to Neta Ji Bose?
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 29

30. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 30

31. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 31

32. Example-6: Participant
Observation
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 32

33. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 33

34. 07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 34

35. Example-7: Systematic observation with coma patients
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 35

36. Example-8: My participant observation during rural living in Dahod (Gujrat) in
December 2002 as part of study tour during MSW at TISS, Mumbai
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 36

37. Some reflections of rural living
It was winter season of December,
2002. As part of rural living, we
lived with the families of Bhil
communities. We ate with them,
slept in their house, interacted
with them closely. We learnt their
cultural beliefs and life style.
And how they are being benefited
with the development
programmes.
This tribal village is located at the
border of Gujrat, Madhya Pradesh,
and Rajasthan.
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 37

38. Summary of the session
In this session, we learnt about the qualitative research approach. The
differentiation between quantitative and qualitative research.
Brief description with examples, we discussed: types of interviews, case
study, historical document analysis, and observation.
In the next session, we will have discussion about Ethnography,
focussed group discussion, and Phenomenology.
Thanks for your kind attention!!!
Keep learning and maintain your inquisitiveness.
07-01-2021 © Dr. Rajeev Kumar 2021 38