wild pig

1. Karnataka veterinary animal and fisheries
sciences university Bidar
Veterinary college Hebbal
Submitted to:
Dr Lathamani mam
Dept of VMD
Submitted by:
Dr Rajat D S

2. WILD PIG

3. Wild Pigs
• Phylum -Chordate
• Class –Mammalia
• Order – Artiodactyla
• Family-Suidae

4. • Pig family include Hogs, Boars and Babirusa.
• They are characterized by a barrel shaped
body , slender legs ,a short neck and a large
head.
• They are found in forest and grasslands.
• They are having poor vision but good hearing
ability and keen sense of smell.
• They are known for their rooting behavior.

5. • In spite of short legs they are good runners
and jumpers and some adept swimmers.
• Bornean bearded pigs and babirusas swim
underwater.
• They generally live in social groupings
although breeding males are solitary after the
breeding season
• Female and their offspring's live in a herd
known as sounders.

6. • Suids are quite vocal and make characteristic
clacking sound with their teeth.
• Pigs are the only hoofed mammals to have
litters(only babirusa has twins).
• Their population is primarily threatened by
habitat destruction through human
encroachment and poaching.

7. Anatomy
• One of most interesting feature is snout,
which is cartilaginous disk at its tip enclosing
the nostrils.
• The disk is supported by small bone (the
prenasal),it is used as bulldozer when foraging
for food.
• Most of species also have upper and lower
canines that grow outwards and upwards to
form tusks.

8. • In babirusa the male ‘s upper tusks grow up
through skin of face and then curve
backwards.
• Female pigs have smaller canines(female
babirusa have no canines).
• Pigs also have cloven feet, two large flattened
hooves bear animals weight ,but on soft
ground the 2 shorter, lateral hooves may
touch the ground and help spread the weight.
• Pigs have thick skin with hair that is either
long and birstly or sparse(in babirusa).

9. • Most of the species have mane down the back
of the neck.
• The tail is thin twisted , mobile and usually
sparsely tufted.

10. Defense and fighting
• Long tusks of males are used for defense
against the predators and for fighting other
male for social status or mates .
• There are 2 distinct fighting styles-lateral and
head to head.
• Lateral is one in which it slashing at each
others shoulder.
• Pig with board head, thick fight head to
head.(warthog, giant forest hog)

11. Wild boar
• Sus scrofa
• Length-0.9-1.8m
• Tail-30cm
• Weight upto 200kg
• Social unit- individual or group
• Location –Europe, Asia , North africa
• Adapted to forest grasslands and river banks

13. • Most widely distributed terrestrial mammal
and is also ancestor of domestic breeds.
• It occupies a wide variety of habitats, eats
almost any food, runs fast.
• Males live alone except for mating season
• Females are very protective of their young and
may be bound together in 20 or more .

14. Bush pig
• Potamochoerus porcus
• Length-1-1.5m
• Tail-43cm
• Weight upto 130kg
• Social unit- group
• Location – west and central africa
• Adapted to forest

16. • The reddest pig also known as red river hog
• Has long and pointed ears .
• A narrow white stripe along back and facial
stripes.
• It is omnivorous and nocturnal.
• Males stay with harem of females and
offspring
• Many times family wanders in band of 50.

17. Giant forest hog
• Hylochoreus meinertzhageni
• Length-1.5-2.1m
• Tail-43cm
• Weight upto 130kg
• Social unit- group
• Location – west and central africa
• Adapted to forest
• endangered

19. • Massive headed hog has 2 large wart below
eye and canine grow horizontally from jaw.
• Straw colored piglet turn black as age
advances
• It grazes and browses on grasses and shrubby
vegetation

20. Pygmy hog
• Sus salvanius
• Length-71cm
• Tail-3cm
• Weight upto 10kg
• Social unit- group
• Location – south asia
• Adapted to grassland
• critically endangered

22. • Smallest among pig has tapering snout and
head to push through dense undergrowth
• Dark brown in colour
• Male canines are poke slightly out
• Both sexes dig layer through and line them
with grassy layers to form nest.

23. Babirusa
• Babyrousa babyrussa
• Length-1.1m
• Tail-32cm
• Weight upto 100kg
• Social unit-individual or group
• Location – south asia
• Adapted to grassland and river bank
• vulnerable

25. • Distinctive upper canines of male bubirusa
grow through muzzle and curve towards face
• Almost hairless hide varies in colour from grey
and brown
• Male is solitary
• Litter size is 1 or 2

26. Wart hog
• Phacocherous africans
• Length-1.5m
• Tail-32cm
• Weight upto 150kg
• Social unit-group
• Location – africa
• Adapted to grassland

28. • Long legged pig with large head
• When running tail is held straight and upright
• Shelter and raise their young in grass lined
burrows dug by themselves.

29. Special housing requirements
• The natural behaviors of wild suids is taken
into account .the opportunity to root and dig
should be provided without disrupting the
structural integrity of enclosure .animals
should be given access to mud wallows
• Nesting is common behavior and hence
bedding material should be given.
• Minimum 200sq mts per animal must be given

30. • Animals should accessed to shade and
depending on climate and protection from
harsh environment.
• Substrate should not be abrasive

31. Feeding
• Pigs are omnivorous in nature they consume
leaves, grasses, young saplings, seeds, fruits,
roots, tubers, fungi, eggs, in-vertebrates, small
vertebrates
• Warthog is grazer and forest hog is browsers
• Also pelleted herbivore ration with fruits and
hay
• Babirusa has more efficient fiber digestion
then all

32. • Warthog efficiently digests hemicellulose and
cellulose
• In other species hemicellulose must be more
• In captive obesity is major problem so it may
interfere with reproduction and exacerbate
conditions like osteoarthritis

33. Restraining and Handling
• Physical restraining is not recommended as
many individuals struggle violently
• So chemical restraining is much used
• Ketamine 20mg/kg
• Tiletamine –zolazepam 2-5mg/kg
• Medetomidine 0.04-0.07mg/kg
• Detomidine 0.12mg/kg

34. • Xyalzine 2-3mg/kg
• Midazolam 0.3-0.4mg/kg

35. Infectious diseases
Viral diseases
Pseudo rabies
• Etiology –Alphaherpesvirus
• Signs –peripheral neuritis , pruritus,
encephalitis , convulsion in young
• Older show respiratory signs
• In sows abortions

36. • PM lesions- serous to fibrinous rhinitis and
necrotic tonsillits
• Liver and spleen with yellow necrotic foci
• Pneumonia

37. • Diagnosis- serum neutralization, latex
agglutination, ELISA, CF, indirect
immunofluorescence
• In PM lung and spleen collection and virus
isolation
• Treatment and management- No treatment
• Modified live , inactivated and gene modified
vaccines

38. Swine vesicular disease
• Etiology –Enterovirus
• Only wild boar is affected
• Signs –oral and foot vesicles
• Pm lesions- vesicles are seen
• Diagnosis – virus isolation , animal
inoculation, ELISA, serum neutralization,
antigen precipitation, CF
• Treatment and management-no treatment
• Prevention is by banning of swill feeding.

39. Swine influenza
• Etiology –Type A influenza(orthomyxo)
• Signs –pneumonia, rhinitis, conjunctivitis,
high morbidity and high mortality
• Pm lesions- Post-mortem findings
• The lesions are confined to the respiratory system and are not
very specific.
• Hyperaemic of the mucosa of the respiratory tract,
• Excess production of mucus,
• Atelectasis and emphysema of the cardiac and apical lobes of
the lungs,
• Enlarged bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes,
• In fatal cases there may be an acute intersticial pneumonia
• Diagnosis – virus isolation , ELISA, PCR
• Treatment and management-No treatment
• Prevention is by good biosecurity measures.

41. Transmissible gastroenteritis
• Etiology –Corona virus
• Signs –vomiting , diarrhea, dehydration, high mortality and
morbidity.
• Pm lesions- Gross lesions are confined to the gastro-intestinal
tract, except for the dehydration:
• Stomach distended with curdled milk,
• Stomach may be congested with small area of haemorrhage on
diaphragmatic surface,
• Small intestine distended with yellow foamy fluid containing
curdled milk,
• Enteritis, intestinal wall thin and translucent due to severe
atrophy of intestinal villi.
• Diagnosis – virus isolation , ELISA, PCR,
• Immunofluorescent staining
• Treatment and management-no treatment
• Vaccination with modified live and inactivated vaccines

42. Hog chlorea
Etiology – Flavivirus
Clinical signs-Fever up to 41°C,
• Anorexia and lethargy,
• Hyperaemia and cyanosis (seen as reddening) of the
extremities, particularly the snout and ears,
• Unwillingness to stand,
• Convulsions,
• Huddling together,
• Vomiting,
• Constipation followed by diarrhoea,
• Discharges from the eyes and nose,
• Abortions,
• Mortality rates of up to 100% in young pigs.

43. PM lesions
 Enlarged and haemorrhagic lymph nodes,
 Enlarged and necrotic tonsils with pin point haemorrhages,
 Petechiae and ecchymoses on the skin,
 Haemorrhages in body organs especially kidney, heart , bladder, lung and gall bladder,
 Oedema of the lungs,
 Fluid in body cavities,
 encephalomyeletis with perivascular cuffing.
 Lymph node and kidney haemorrhagic,
 Consolidation of lungs,
 Haemorrhages of intestinal mucosa

45. • There is no treatment for CSF.
• Efficient modified live vaccines are
commercially available. However they may not
be compatible with eradication, since it is
difficult to differentiate post-vaccine
antibodies from wild virus antibodies. A
recombinant CSF vaccine (known as marker
vaccine) has been develop that allows
antibodies differentiation.

46. Bacterial diseases
Brucellosis
• Etiology –Brucella suis
• Signs –abortion, infertility, posterior paralysis,
lameness , undulating pyrexia.
• Pm lesions- Purulent necrotic lesions are seen,
mainly in the genitalia, bones, joints, mammary
glands, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, bladder
and occasionally the brain.
• Nodular splenitis is suggestive of the disease.
Nodules and abscesses may be seen in both the
gravid and non-gravid uterus. The placenta may be
oedematous and hyperaemic. Foetuses have
haemorrhagic sub-cutaneous and peritoneal fluid.

48. • Necrotic, purulent and sometimes calcified
foci occur in the testes and male accessory sex
organs (especially the epididymis and seminal
vesicles).
• Diagnosis – lymph node culture , ELISA, PCR,
• SAT
• Treatment and management- no treatment
• Test and removal

49. Colibacillosis
• Etiology –E.coli
• Signs –enterotoxaemia, diarrhea, dehyration,
acidosis, metabolic crisis, death
• Pm lesions- Pigs dying suddenly may have
patchy cutaneous erythema. Histologically, the
villi are usually of normal length and have many
small bacterial rods adhered to the absorptive
enterocytes.
• Diagnosis – feacal culture , ELISA, PCR
• Treatment and management-fluids
antibacterial , supportive
• Colostral E.coli vaccination of dams

51. Erysipelas
• Etiology –E.rhusiopathiae
• Signs –septicemia, fever, daimond skin lesion
• PM lesions- At necropsy, acutely infected
pigs may exhibit skin lesions, enlarged and
congested lymph nodes, edematous and
congested lungs, splenomegaly, and
hepatomegaly. Petechial hemorrhages may
be seen on the kidneys and heart.
• Diagnosis – blood and joint fluid culture ,
ELISA, PCR

52. • Treatment and management-fluids
antibacterial such as penicillin and
tetracycline, supportive
• Hyper immune serum treatment
• Attenuated bacterial vaccine