This document summarizes the architectural styles of buildings constructed during the Later Mughal period in northern India after the decline of the Mughal Empire. It discusses the hybrid Indo-Saracenic style that emerged, influenced by both Mughal and European designs. Specific buildings mentioned include the Chattar Manzil palace in Lucknow, known for its umbrella-shaped dome, and the Khursheed Manzil palace, resembling an English castle with its central dome, octagonal towers, and battlements. Other notable gardens and palaces from this period discussed are the Alam Bagh, Wilayati Bagh, Moosa Bagh, and the many structures within the Kesar Bagh complex in Lucknow

1. Manzil and Bagh of Later Mughal Architecture
Submitted by-
Ragini sahu
Srishti Agarwal

2. Later Mughal Style
• Mughal empire lasted for 150 years after death of Aurangzeb in 1707.
• It lasted until the British exiled and imprisoned the last Mughal ruler after the
historic uprising of Sepoy Mutiny in 1857.
• As the empire weakened the nawabs of Murshidabad, Awadh and Hyderabad
established their own successor states, whereas, Sikh, Jat, Maratha and other Hindu
rulers asserted their independence; carving out numerous little kingdoms from
what once had been a single empire.
• The architecture sponsored by the rulers and inhabitants of these new domains
was heavily dependent on the Mughal style established during Shah Jahan and
Aurangzeb.
• The results were often highly creative expressions, reflecting these houses' political
allegiance and religious affiliation.
• This style depicted a combination of Mughal and gothic styles.
• Claude Martin founded a large pretentious building in lucknow known as
Constantia now used as martinere school. It was the first largest building of
European order to be erected in upper india.
• This immense chateau was termed to be of palladian style. The artisans proceeded
to incorporate its elements in other buildings thus giving a new form of
architecture of its hybrid character.
• These buildings had triangular pediments, Corinthian capitals, roman rouns arches
combined with fluted domes, ogee arches, arabesque folliations, a medely of
western and eastern forms mostly of a corrupt kind.
• Buildings of this period can be defines as of debased Mughal style garnished with
classical motifs of inappropriate type.
Later Mughal
Buildings
Manzils
Chattar Manzil
Royal Kursheed
Manzil
Bagh
Alam Bagh
Kesar Bagh
Wilayati Bagh
Moosa Bagh
Badshah Bagh

3. Chattar Manzil
• The Chattar Manzil or Umbrella Palace is a building in Lucknow in Uttar
Pradesh which served as a palace for the rulers of Awadh and their wives.
• It was constructed by order of Nawab Ghazi Uddi Haider and completed after his
death by his successor, Nawab Nasir Uddin Haider.
• The Chattar Manzil stand on the banks of the River Gomti.
• The Chattar Manzil consisted of a Bari (larger) Chattar Manzil and Chhoti (smaller)
Chattar Manzil, however only the larger one still exists.
• These two buildings were examples of the Indo-European-Nawabi architectural style,
even though the Bari Chattar Manzil has been altered over the years.
• The palaces were named after the chattris (umbrella-shaped domes) on the
octagonal pavilions, which crown the buildings.
• The imposing building has large underground rooms and a dome surmounted by a
gilt umbrella.
• The Palace has gone through many owners including the Nawabs of Awadh Saadat
Ali Khan and Wajid Ali Shah, and the British and changes since its construction was
started in the 1780s.
• The most prominent feature of this grand structure is the Umbrella-shaped dome
from which it has derived its name.
• The construction also has some elements of the European architecture thus proving
that it must have been pretty much influenced by the modern style of architecture of
Europe. a
Badi Chatar Central
dome
Octagonal
towers
Source:http://openbuildings.com/buildings/la-martiniere-lucknow-profile-27917
• the 'Palace of Sun', since Khursheed means 'sun' in Persian. Is built adjacent to the Moti Mahal
by Saadat Ali Khan Khursheed Zadi, the wife of the sixth Nawab of Awadh, Saadat Ali Khan
and the mother of the seventh Nawab and first King of Awadh, Ghazi-ud-Din Haider has two
buildings attributed to her name, a palace and a mausoleum, but interestingly, both have been
buiit in different styles. While her mausoleum, built after her death by her son was fashioned
in the Moghul style, the palace which was built in her lifetime by her husband followed the
European style of a castle. The palace is named after her as Khursheed Manzil. It could not be
completed in Saadat Ali Khan's lifetime and was completed by his son Ghazi-ud-Din Haider in
1818.
• two storeyed building having a large central dome and eight very distinctive octagonal towers,
rising to the whole height of the building, topped with battlements and, towers , moat and
drawbridge is quite similar to an English Lord's castle.The towers are adorned with parapets
known as battlements. The building is also surrounded by a beautiful moat known as Chiraya
Jheel.
• The buildings of the Nawabs of Awadh are unique in a way that the material employed for
them is just chunam (lime mortar) and lakhauri (thin flat bricks) with stucco used for their
excellent decoration, it is not stone or marble, that was used by the Moghuls and earlier rulers
in India. It is believed that this was done to reduce the cost of construction, because stone was
not quarried anywhere in Awadh and getting this material from other parts of the country
would have added transportation cost to the original cost, which in itself would be higher in
case of stone and marble.
• when the second King of Awadh, Naseer-ud-Din Haider planned an astronomical Observatory,
Tare wali Kothi, Captain Herbert was appointed its astronomer in 1832 and Khursheed Manzil
being adjacent to the Observatory, became the residence of Captain Herbert so that he could
watch the heavens whenever he liked, in the day or night.
KURSHEED MANZIL

4. Alam Bagh
• History of Alambagh began with the construction of Alambagh palace which was
erected by Nawab Wajid Ali Shah during the years 1847-1856, for his wife Alam Aara,
who was also known as Khas Mahal.
• It had a well kept beautiful garden in its surroundings. Moreover, a huge gateway
known as Alambagh gate (Kothi Alamara Gateway), designed by the architect Chhote
Khan was constructed in the same area.
• Now the same gate serves as an entranceway to the Chander Nagar colony.
• Both the palace and the gate were made up of lakhauri bricks.
• The two-storeyed palace comprises spacious halls and rooms.
• The rooftops of the rooms are quite high. The interior walls of the palace were once
decorated with floral designs but are now in ramshackle.
Alam Bagh Palace
Wilayati Bagh
• This garden was built by King Ghazi-ud-Din Haider (1st King of Awadh) in the area of Bibi Pur
on the right bank of river Gomti.The Vilayti Bagh was built for Mubarak Mahal (the European
wife of King Ghazi-ud-Din Haider). This garden also has a "Qadam Rasool".
• Made of Lakhauri bricks in lime-surkhi mortar, it is roughly square on plan measuring about
200 m x 200m with high enclosure walls which served as screen wall for the ladies of the royal
family. The garden has two entrances, pricipal being on the West and second on the East which
leads towards river Gomti.
• Designed on Awadh style, building on the north-west corner has few cells on either side with a
courtyard in the center, embellished with cusped arched entrances. The western enclosure wall
is comparatively higher pierced with massive gateway and flanking structures on either side.
• Once the entire complex had magnificent garden with beautiful flowers and plants of
European variety which were carefully grown there.
Use of Lakhauri bricks
MOOSA BAGH
• Bagh is a big garden complex located in Lucknow city of Uttar Pradesh. It is also called Garden of Moses or Monsieur Garden.This is an old garden built at an elevation on the banks of the
Gomti River running on the outskirts of Lucknow city. It was created during the reign of Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula. The garden got its name Monsieur Bagh from its planner Monsieur Martin.
Over the years, the garden came to be called Musa Bagh. Gomti River has since then shifted and is now a kilometer away from the Bagh.Musa Bagh kothi was constructed for Nawab
Saadat Ali Khan under the supervision of Aazam-ud-Daulah between 1803 and 1804. It was built as a country retreat spot. The garden served as a great spot to get a marvelous view of the
existing buildings of the time viz; Machchhi Bhawan, Panch Mahala, Asafi mosque, Aalamgir mosque, Sunehra Burj, Bara Imambara, Pucca Pul (Stone Bridge), and Daulat Khana.
• The Bagh also served as a spot for fights between wild buffaloes, tigers, rhinos, and elephants for the Nawab’s pleasure and entertainment of his royal guests, who were mostly from
Europe.
• Architecture Musa Bagh was created in a barren place. It was surrounded with a brick wall fence, which featured a big gateway that faced south. The Bagh had two lateral and three frontal
entrances. The gateway displays decoration, which now, contains remains of hexagonal floral motifs.
• The gateway is built from traditional “Lakhori” bricks. The interior of the Bagh shows two rows of Jasmine trees that face a wide baradari and remnants of a subterranean palace, which was
called Summer Palace at that time. The remnants contain 32 doors opening in a gallery, which is about eight feet wide. There is a spiral staircase on both sides. It goes down the cellar.
Support domes exhibit Italian architectural style.
• The octagonal palace displays several oval ventilators and beautiful, vibrant decorations. The palace served as picnic spot and summer resort for the royal family. The garden breeze
comforted them and was an important spot for ceremonies.
• The baradari in the Bagh complex overlooked the Gomti River and featured two columns constructed in French and Gothic architectural styles. The palace provided a panoramic view of the
dense, lush forest. It is also believed that a tunnel connects the palace to Asafi Kothi located in Sheesh Mahal Complex. Musa Bagh exudes excellent craftsmanship. The kothi or palace of
the garden complex is in ruins today, but it still shows the original red dye used by artisans and craftsmen of those times.

5. • The construction was started by wajid ali shah,the last king of awadh in 1847 and
was completed in 1850
• Consist of grand residential palaces including chaulakhi kothi, Chandiwali baradari ,
Naginewali baradari, stone baradari now known as safed baradari, also included
Kaiser pasand palace was originally built by Roshan-ud-daula,the prime minister of
king Nasir-ud-din haider.
• From many gateways ,most notable is Lakhi Darwaza
• The king lived here for 7 years only
• It ensembles could by likened to a royal town enclosed by a rectangular Boundary
and pierced with high gateways.
• Entering through the northern gateway one would have to pass through an open
court called the jilua khana usead as a parading ground by royal troops. Further on
dispersed in various directions could be seen the enclosures of different buildings.
• This formed the entrance to the main buildings of wajid ali shah’s creations called
the qaisar bagh,from which the complex drived its name.
KESAR BAGH
Chinese
friezes
Corinthian
pillar
Cusped arch
kiosk
LAKHI DARWAZA
• Still stands largely intact ,but of of its coloured ornamentation has faded away.
• It is a curious mixture of roman arched ,Italian oriels ,Corinthian pillars (tempered
with cross bands).French flying buttresses and chinese friezes ; all these
superimposed on the façade topped by fluted domes, perforated parapets, bell
turrets ,cusped arches, and kiosks in mixed Italian and later Mughal style.
IONIC
COLUMNS
HEMISPHER
ICAL FINIAL
PEDIME
NT
QAISAR PASAND
• It was built predominantely in Italian style ,and is largest and one of the most beautiful palace in
lucknow
• Rising to a good height,4 storey above the ground and a basement with no ornamentation
• The lower façade includes a portico and side wings made up of rows of fluted columns tapering
to a graceful height.
• The elevation shows open structures composed of blocks of rooms , rows of windows, and
spacious terraces occurring in an ascending order and fringed by perforated railings.
• There is a striking absence of indigenous decorative elements, say the cusped shahjahani arch or
the minarets. Even the two shapely domes, surmounted by hemispherical finials and
complementing the view of the pediment, loose their Indian identity in the ensemble of
European features.