2. Introduction to Deccan
• Deccan architecture is derived from sultans of Delhi and Persian architecture.
• Delhi influence was brought by Sultan Muhammad Tuglaq in 1340 when he shifted to Daulatabad.
• Artisans were brought from Delhi.
• Rulers arrived from Persian gulf to west of India giving ready access to bahamani kingdom.
• First independent ruler Ala-Ud-Din hassan Bahaman Shah was an Persian adventurer from court of Tuglaq.
• He established Bahamani dynasty at Gulbarga in 1347.
• Final form of Deccan architecture was attained in form of royal tombs approximately 30 in number.
• Earliest example is Tomb of Ala-Ud-Din Bahaman which is an imitation of Tuglaqs at Delhi.
• Bidar was made capital when Ahmad Shah shifted from Gulbarga to Bidar in 1425.
• Bidar monuments show combination of Persian and Delhi elements.
• Octagonal drum first appeared in Bidar.
• Gulbarga was a fortified city but Bidar also contains palaces.
• Third and final phase was Golconda which flourished under Qutub Shahi Dynasty.
• Examples from Golconda show the fully developed bulbous dome.
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4. Gulbarga
• It was built by sultan al-ud-din-bahamani in 1327.
• Materials used are granite and lime mortar.
• The fort was originally built by raja gulchand and fortified by
Alauddin Hassan Bahaman Shah
• Area- 0.5acres(0.2ha) and periphery length-3km(1.9mi.)
• It is well fortifies with double fortification.
• A 90ft(27.4m) wide moat surrounds the fort.
• The fort is a monumental structure highly fortified with 16 towers
mounted with 26 guns each 8m(26ft) high.
• Wall is 50ft(15.2m) thick.
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• These tombs represent a structural arrangement not
found elsewhere with finest example of taj-ud-din-firoz.
• Dimensions-158ft x 78ft. Wall height with parapet- 42ft.
• Dome height – 30ft. It is encircled with foliations
• Two storey structure with recessed arches, ornamented
and perforated screen.
• Foliated merlons with short fluted finials at each corner.
• Two stories of arcading in the mortuary chamber.
• Tomb is built in double form of two mortuary chambers
one containing cenotaph of king and other of his family
Haft GumbazFortress of gulbarga
Jami masjid
5. • Built by Bahamani dynasty with rectangular shape with Mihrab
on west end with trefoil arch
• No courtyards and minarets but courtyard arcade of pointed
arches on three elevations.
• 27 Vaulted barrel roof above bays Trefoil arch is on Mihrab
• Stone masonry with lime mortar
• Huge domes- squinches and small dome- pendentives of
archway
• It was built in 1367 AD, by a Spanish (Moorish) architect
• Can accommodate around 5000 worshippers at once.
• It covers an overall area of 38,016 square feet.
• It has 250 arches, 140 square pillars.
• Pointed arches with trefoil arch on Mihrab circling the huge
dome.
• Interior archways have Moorish stalacite and pendentive
bracketing.
• Petal detailing on turrets and small niches with little carving.
• Wide spans of these pillars supporting large arches create a
majestic atmosphere. (Matsuo Ara)
The mosque has neither a courtyard nor a hauz which are found
in traditional mosques.
• The mosque is a mixture of Persian and Indo-Islamic
architecture. Resembling mosque in Cordova, Spain and Turkish
mosques contemporary to Byzantine.
Jami masjid
Moorish honeycomb work
1 large dome (80ft dia)
2 medium corner
dome
75 small domes
10 bays on
each side
7 bays on
east end
54m(177ft)
66m(216ft)
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6. BIDAR (1422-1512)
Bidar Phase (Bahmani & Barid Dynasties)
• Name Bidar comes from ‘bidiru’ which means bamboo.
• The area of current Bidar was a bamboo jungle and in the past it called as
Bedadakota or Bedarkot (kota/kot means fort).
• Sultan Alla-Ud-Din Bahman of the bahamani dynasty shifted his capital
from gulbarga TO bidar in 1427.
• Built his fort along with a number of islamic monuments.
• The style developed under the Bahmani and later the Barid dynasties.
Bidar Fort
Built : 15TH CENTURY
Style : Persian architecture.
Location: Is situated in BIDAR city of the northern plateau of KARNATAKA, India.
Material : Granites and lime mortar.
Built by : Ala-ud-din Bahman of Bahmani Sultanate in 1424.
• Two mosques with in the fort a madrassa (college ) or Jami masjid(solah khamba )
Seven tomb
• Bidar fort has a haphazard rhombus-shaped layout.
• The fort is 2.5 miles (4 km) long, 50 ft (15 m) thick wall of laterite stone and trap
surrounded by a 30 ft (9 m) deep, 115 ft ( 35 m) wide triple moat
• Include within numerous buildings, arches, pavilions, mosques,
gateways and gardens.
• The fort as Takht Mahal, Tarkash Mahal, Rangeen Mahal, Gagan Mahal,
Diwan-I-Am ,water palace and
• the north and east, steep cliffs provide natural protection to the moat
• Each of the seven gateways in the including the mandu gate of the citadel.
Gate 1 - The Mandu Darwaza, the main gate
Gate 2 - The Kalmadgi Darwaza,
Gate 5 - The Delhi Darwaza,
Gate 6 - The Kalyani Darwaza,
Gate 7 - The Carnatic Darwaza,
Gates 3 and 4 are without a name.
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Rhombus- shaped
The main entrance
7. TAKHT MAHAL
• is a throne palace built in 1432
• It was the royal residence.
• Now only arches of the building remain
• its glory this mahal was an excellent example of Persian and
Islamic structure
• The place was fully decorated granite, wood and color full
work of mosaic
DIWAN I AM
• Is the rectangular public audience hall is supported by
wooden pillars
• Ornamentation- jali work and mosaic tiles with calligraphy
• Divided in two parts by steps.
• Upper part-king and court members and lower part- public
TURKASH MAHAL
• It was built in 1432 by Bahamani Rulers
• Turkash Mahal it is very good example of Indo-Islamic style
structure
• is said to have been built for Turkish wife of the sultan
• inside the mahal ,design of floras like mughal style.
• Also there is a good view of fort from the terrace.
• it is witness of many functions and ceremonies of Bahamani
and Barid time.
• There is a room inside the mahal with granite carved design
• used for the royal guests and other important members of the
sultanate.
• Now this Turkash Mahal is badly collapsed,
RANGEEN MAHALIt
• was rebuilt during Barid Shahi period.
• Is unique because of its decoration with coloured tiles and
other art work.
• Wood carving done there is not only precious but also
unique.
• The walls of Mahal are adorned with mother-of-pearl of the
finest quality in laid in jet-black stone.
• Floral patterns and calligraphic text are also depicted here.
• Stone carving, stucco art are other attractions of this
monument.
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8. Bahamani Tombs
Ahmed Shah Wali's Tomb
Mahmud's Wife's Tomb Ahemed's Wife's Tomb
Mahmud Shah's TombNizam Shah's Tomb
Barid shahi’s tomb
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9. Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan(1481)AD
• Built some time in 1481 AD.
• Typical Persian university.
• The three tired structure- lecture halls library, mosque.
• Professors and student rooms arranged around an open to sky
• The east is emphasized by tow 100sq ft high Persian minarets on
either side
• The rest of outer surface of madrassa are three rows of deep and
severely fromed archs , niches devoid any other sclptural
embellishments recesses or projection
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N
Exterior from east
Northeast corner dome,
from southwest
Eastern wing of Madrasa
Inside the Madrasa
55m(180’)
62m(205’)
Semi octagonal shaped
bastions
crowned by a typical tartar
dome
Central courtyard 100sq ft
minarets
10. Jami masjid(14th c.)
• Build in the 14th century at the time Tughlak and extended later, at that
time this mosque is known as Zanana Masjid .
• The Solah Khamba mosque as name shows this mosque is of sixteen pillars
• One of the biggest in India also one of the oldest mosque
• It is 77ft( 23.46m) wide,295ft( 89.8m)long.
• The mihrab in the middel of the liwan is enclosed within a sqare
conpartment over which rises a stiled gulbaga type domeInside the mosquehypostyle walls in the interior
resembling the jama masjid of
kalburgi whch is again built by
bahamani kingdom
Mihrab
octagonal base
dome 4.25ft (1.3m) dia
Pillar hall
Interior view
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11. TOMB OF ALI BARID(1579)
bulbous form dome
interior of tomb of ali barid
• Built for ali barid, the third of the barid shahi dynasty of bidar who died in
1579.
• Son of amir barid.
• Ruled between 1542-1580.
• Instead of being a closed structure like other tomb buildings, it is an open
structure, with a large archways in each its four sides.
• The cenotaph, carved in black basalt is visible through the archways.
• The architectural composition is simple, except for the elaborate treatment
of the dome, which is beginning to show the bulbous form which would
become common in later year.
• The builders, reverting back to the persian principles, treat the building as
a base for surface treatment like coloured tiling.
• Two storied gateways which leads to the tomb.
• There should be some kind of pathways but non exists today and now we
can see bushes towards it.
• Tomb is built in the middle of 30 acre plot of deccan garden.&70 feet high.
• Big dome supported by four pillars.
• Grand pavilion made by green granite and laterite rock.
• Shikhara made of an alloy of gold. 11
12. 1) Tomb of Sultan
Quli Qutb ul Mulk
2) Tomb of Jamsheed
Quli Qutb Shah
4) Tomb of Ibrahim
Quli Qutb Shah
3) Tomb of Subhan
Quli Qutb Shah
5) Tomb of Muhammad
Quli Qutb Shah
6) Tomb of Muhammad
6) Qutb Shah
Golconda
• Ornamentation is done in stucco enfeebling the outlines of the building and
confusing the surfaces.
• Richly moulded fanciful pinnacles and flimsy battlements.
• Full blown bulbous dome
• Double dome practiced leaving a great unused void.
• Hanging balcony, perforated panels, merlons and numerous finials.
• Architecture succeed from bidar tombs.
• Petal motif and maha padma used in tombs
• Short minarets in Guldasta motif.
• Veranda used to give impression of two storied structure.
• They lie about one kilometre north of Golconda's outer wall.
• These structures are made of beautifully carved stonework, and surrounded
by landscaped gardens
Qutub Shahi tombs
Bulbous dome
Guldasta motif
Hanging balcony
Two storey
7) Tomb of Abdullah Qutub Shah is the finest example
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Square shaped plan
Square reduced to octagonal plan
Cenotaph
Minarets
13. Charminar (1591)AD
• It is a monument and mosque located in Hyderabad
• The beautiful iconic Charminar, a colossus in granite, lime, mortar and pulverised marble
• built in 1591 by Sultan Mohammed Quli Qutab Shah of the Qutb Shahi dynasty is
• Indo-Islamic architecture style, incorporating Persian architectural elements.
• A mosque is located at the western end of the open roof; remaining part of the roof served as a
court during the Qutb Shahi times.
• The actual mosque occupies the top floor of the four-storey structure.
• The eponymous towers are ornate minarets attached and supported by four grand arches.
• The old city of hyderabad was designed with charminar as its centrepiece.
• The city was spread around the charminar in four different quadrants and
chambers,seggregated according to the established settlements
• Charminar's four fluted minarets are built into the main structure.
• There are 149 winding steps to reach the upper floor.
• The structure is also known for its profusion of stucco decorations and the arrangement of its
balustrades and balconies
• There is also a legend of an underground tunnel connecting the Golla konda fort to Charminar
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minarets186ft(57m) height
20m(66ft)
Ogee arch of 36ft (11m) span
