Word Formation

2. GROUP MEMBERS
Masood Kalwar 029
Shahzad Malik 021
Haseeb Irshad 039
Waqas Pervaiz 027

3. Word formation
 Word Formation is a process of making new words.
 It is processes of derivation and composition.

4. TYPES OF
WORD
FORMATION
 Clipping
 Coinage
 Blending
 Compounding

5. Clipping(klɪpɪŋ)
 Clipping is the word formation process in which a word is reduced
or shortened without changing the meaning of the word.
 Clipping differs from back formation in that the new word retain
the meaning of the original word.

6. Examples
 Advertisement-Ad Alligator- Gator
 Examination-Exam Gasoline-Gas
 Influenza-Flu Laboratory-Lab
 Mathematic-Math Memorandum-Memo
 Photography-Photo Public-Pub
 Telephone-Phone Reputation-Rep

7. Types
 Four types.
Back clipping
Back clipping is removing the end of the word as in Gas from Gasoline
Fore clipping
Fore clipping is removing the beginning of a word as in Gator from Alligator
Middle clipping
Middle clipping is retaining only the middle of word as in Flu from Influenza
Complex clipping
Complex clipping is removing multiple part from word as in Sitcom from Situational Comedy

8. Coinage(kɔɪnɪdʒ)
The invention of a new word or phrase is known as
coinage.
 Anything invented or fabricated.
Something (as a word) made up or invented

9. Examples
 Aspirin Escalator Heroin Band-aid
 Factoid Frisbee Google Kerosene
 Kleenex Laundromat Linoleum Muggle
 Nylon Psychedelic Quark Xerox
 Zipper

10. Blending(blɛnd)
 Mix (a substance) with another substance so that they
combine together.
 Mix (different types of the same substance, such as tea,
coffee, spirits, etc.) together so as to make a product of the
desired quality.
 It refers to joining the beginning of one word and the end of
another to make a new word with a new meaning.

11. Examples of Blending
 motel (motorway hotel) brunch (breakfast lunch fridge
(freezer refrigerator) smog (smoke+fog) stagflation
(stagnation and inflation) spork (spoon and fork) carjacking
(car+hijacking) mocktail (mock and cocktail ) splog
(spam and blog)
 alcopop (alcohol + pop) biopic (biography + picture)
 Breathalyzer (breath+analyzer) camcorder (camera +
recorder) chexting
(cheating+texting) clash (clap + crash)
cosmeceutical (cosmetic + pharmaceutical)

12. Compounding (kəmpawndɪŋ)
 Compounding is process of word formation.
 In this process lexemes are combined to make new words.
 Words may be written in one word or by using hyphens.
 Compounds may be compositional or may be noncom positional.

13. IT TAKES PLACE BETWEEN
I. Noun to Noun. Girl + Friend = Girlfriend
II. Adjective to Noun. Blue + Berry = Blueberry
III. Verb to Noun. Work + Station = Workstation
IV. Noun to Verb. Breast + Feed = Breastfeed
V. Verb to Verb. Stir + Fry = Stir-fry
VI. Adjective to Verb. High + Light =Highlight
VII. Verb to Preposition . Break + Up = Breakup
VIII.Adjective to Adjective. Bitter + Sweet = Bittersweet
IX. Preposition to Preposition. In + To = Into