by rabson future nkomeshya

1. Basic Anatomy
fish
fish made by rabson nkomeshya

5. Body Systems
• Integumentary
• Respiratory
• Skeletal
• Digestive
• Circulatory
• Urinary
• Reproductive

6. Definition of terms:
Definition of terms:
• Anterior (cranial) toward the head
• Posterior (caudal) toward the tail
• Cranial head region
• Caudal pertaining to the tail region
• Dorsal toward the back (top) of the animal
• Ventral toward the belly of the animal
• Medial toward the median line
• Distal away from the center or origin
• Proximal toward the center or origin

9. types of fines
– The source of propulsion for virtually all fish comes from:
1. Undulation of the body
2. Paired Fins:
• Pectoral
• Pelvic
3. Unpaired Fins:
• Caudal
• Dorsal
• Anal
4. A combination of the above

11. Integumentary
• the integument of all fishes consists of two layers: an
outer epidermis and an inner dermis or corium. The two
layers differ in origin, structure, and function. The
epidermis is essentially cellular in structure, comprised of
a multilayered epithelium derived from the embryonic
ectoderm. For the most part, the dermis is a fibrous
structure with relatively few cells, and is derived from
embryonic mesenchyme of mesodermal origin.

12. General Morphology Fish
• Fish epidermis may vary in thickness depending on
species (Figures 2–4), age, region of the body, and
environmental conditions. In most fish species,
• epidermis is thinner than the dermis. Keratinization of the
epidermis to create horny surface layers, characteristic of land
vertebrates, is rare among fishes. Instead, fish epidermis is
generally metabolically active throughout all its layers.
Because the epidermis of most fishes contains little or no
pigment and therefore appears largely transparent by visual
inspection, the morpholo-gical features of this tissue are generally
viewed with the aid of a microscope.

13. dermis and scale
• The dermis of skin contains blood vessels, nerves, scales, pigment
cells, and adipose (fat) tissue, but the bulk of the typical dermal layer is
comprised of fibrous connective tissue. When a fish is being skinned, the
collagenous fibers of connective tissue that bind the skin to the underlying
muscle and bone are very obvious. With the exception of scales,
morphological characteristics of most dermal features are best observed
microscopically. Scales are an important compo-nent of the dermal skeleton,
and are the dermal structures that are generall y most prominent by visual
inspection, although they can vary in size from microscopic struc-tures to
huge bony plates. Sca les usually are covered completely by epidermal
tissue , although portions of scales may protrude from the epi-dermal
surface in certain species such as sharks.