Water is an essential factor for sustaining life on earth. So we must be aware of its purity while using water. The conventional method of measuring the water is tedious process and gather the samples manually and send it laboratory for analysis is time consuming, however this method not efficient. The water quality system can measure the required qualities of water in real time. The system consists of ATmega32AMicrocontroller, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) and multiple sensors to measure the quality of water such as Ph, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solid and temperature. This is a real time system which measures the quality of water continuously and will send the measured values to the monitoring centre through GSM module after every predefined time.

1. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VII, July 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
www.rsisinternational.org Page 72
A Real Time System for Water Quality Measurement
Using GSM
Sonali Patil¹, Chetana V Muttinapendimath², Kavya K Kajagar³, Jagadeesh.G.S4
1-2-3
U G Students, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag, Karnataka
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag, Karnataka
Abstract: Water is an essential factor for sustaining life on earth.
So we must be aware of its purity while using water. The
conventional method of measuring the water is tedious process
and gather the samples manually and send it laboratory for
analysis is time consuming, however this method not efficient.
The water quality system can measure the required qualities of
water in real time. The system consists of
ATmega32AMicrocontroller, GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) and multiple sensors to measure the quality of
water such as Ph, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solid
and temperature. This is a real time system which measures the
quality of water continuously and will send the measured values
to the monitoring centre through GSM module after every
predefined time.
Keywords: Water Quality Analysis, Turbidity, pH, conductivity,
TDS, ATmega32A, GSM module.
I. INTRODUCTION
vailability of portable water has becoming global
challenge due to increase in demand of water and
decreasing the quality of portable water. Water is polluting
due to discharge of contaminated water into water bodies
without adequate a treatment. Water related diseases increases
day by day, WHO (World Health Organization) estimates that
around 37.7 million Indians affected by the waterborne
diseases annually and 1,95,813 habitations in the country are
affected by poor water quality. Since there are many efforts
made by government but still many people do not have access
to improved water sources.
To measure the quality of water we have used
several mainstream parameters such as pH, turbidity,
conductivity, total dissolved solid and temperature sensor.
These sensor measures the corresponding values of the water
but the output of these sensors are analog in nature.
ATmega32A microcontroller consist of inbuilt ADC, which
receives the analog signal from sensor and converts to digital
form and then send to the monitoring centre through GSM in
the form of SMS(Short Messaging Service). It also display
measured value in LCD.
Table 1.1: Standard drinking water parameters
Parameter Units Quality Range
1 pH pH 6.5-8.5
2 Turbidity NTU 0-5
3 Temperature °C -
4 Conductivity µs/cm 500-1000
5 TDS mg/L 500-2000
6 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5
7 Nitrates mg/L 45
Table 1.2: Types of water diseases
Diseases Responsible pathogen
Mode of
transmission
cholera Vibrio cholera bacteria
Often waterborne
botulism
Clostridium botulinum
bacteria
Waterborne
typhoid
Salmonella thyohi
bacteria
Waterborne
Hepatisis A Hepatitis A virus
Waterborne
Dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae
bacteria
Water
cryptosporidiosis
Crytospoidium parvum
protozoa
resists chlorine;
Waterborne
polio polioviruses
Exposure to
untreated sewage;
may also be
waterborne
Giardia Giardia lamblia protozoa
waterborne
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig .2.1 Block diagram of the proposed system
A

2. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VII, July 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
www.rsisinternational.org Page 73
2.1 pH sensor: It is used to measure of the acidity or basicity
of an aqueous solution. The value of pH lies between 0 and
14. The pH of solution is less than 7 having more H+ ion than
OH- ion that is refer as acidic solution and pH of solution is
greater than 7 having more OH- ion than H+ ion that is refer
as basic solution.
2.2 Turbidity sensor: It is used to measure the clarity of the
water. Turbid water will appear cloudy, murky, coloured and
suspended particles that are also present in the water. The
turbidity of water is based on the amount of light scattered by
particles in the water. More the suspended particles are
present in water, scattering of light is also more.
Turbidity is measured by the method of Photo-
electricity sensor. It consists of LED [Light Emitting Diode]
at transmitting side and LDR [Light Dependent Register] at
receiving side. When LED emits light, the rays passes through
water and scattered. Scattering is depends upon suspended
particles present in water. LDR detect the scattered light rays
and measures the turbidity of water.
2.3 Conductivity sensor: It is the ability of the water to
conduct electricity. This ability is directly related to the
concentration of ions in the water. More the ions higher will
be the conductivity. The pure water having the ability to
conduct electric current must be poor.
Generally there are two types of conductivity sensors
1.two electrodes and 2.multiple electrodes conductivity
sensor. But here we using two electrodes sensor, it consist of
two parallel plates. An alternating current voltage is applied
across the two electrodes and the resistance between them is
measured.
2.4 Total dissolved solid (TDS): It determines the amount of
minerals and salts present in the water. It comprises inorganic
salts and small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in
water.
Here we will not use separate sensor for measuring TDS but it
can be obtained by multiplying the conductivity by a factor
usually factor is taken as 0.67. Freshwater can have maximum
TDS as 2000 mg/L.
TDS = 0.67 X Conductivity
2.5 Temperature sensor: This sensor is also one of the
important factor for water quality testing. Change in
temperature can change physical, chemical and biological
characteristics of water. To measure the water temperature
normally LM 35 is commonly used.
Fig. 2.5.1 Temperature sensor
2.6 Controller: ATMega32A controller is used here because
of its flexible features such as built in ADC, 32 k byte flash
memory, 1024 bytes of internal ROM and 3 interrupters. 40
pins are present and these may used for many applications.
Controller plays an important role here, as per the program
conditions it helps the system to flow in specific manner and
display the task, which has been taking place in the system.
2.7 GSM module: GSM is a mobile communication modem. It
is stands for global system for mobile communication (GSM).
The idea of GSM was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1970.
GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for
transmitting mobile voice and data services operates at the
850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency
bands.
2.8 LCD [Liquid Crystal Display]: It is flat panel display that
uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. The
16*2 display is used to show the status of the power. In terms
of normal, excessive and low solar power.
Display board is also used for the unit display, voltage and
current values display because that is economical, easily
programmable.
.
Fig. 2.8.1 Liquid Crystal Display
Applications
1. It finds application in rural areas to determine the
quality of water.
2. Sewage water treatment plant.
3. Water supply agencies.
4. In monitoring the quality of river water across
industries.
Advantages
1. It is a real time system and is simple in design.
2. It gives accurate results.
3. The system consumes less time to monitor.
4. The system is very flexible and economical.
5. It does not require people on duty.
III. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT
The effective utilization of safe drinking water leads to the
economical growth of the nation and also reduces the
dependency on the contaminated water. The designed model
gave the expected outcome with respect to various parameters

3. International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VII, July 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
www.rsisinternational.org Page 74
as mentioned earlier. The outcome of the model has been
displayed as follows.
Fig 3.1 Prototype Model of a Proposed System
Table 3.1: Physico-Chemical Properties of Magadi Wetland
Water
Parameter Sample1 Sample2 Sample3
pH 8.50 8.74 9.12
Temperature 28.30 26.20 25.00
Colour Greyish Greyish Greyish
Electrical
conductivity
669.20 584.55 583.40
Transparency 0.76 0.97 1.12
Turbidity 1.00 17.00 13.40
Dissolved oxygen 7.80 7.30 7.50
Total hardness 68.90 89.65 85.42
Total dissolved
solid
265.10 284.90 235.00
Total suspended
solid
156.88 175.97 42.20
Nitrates 2.21 7.50 5.75
Phosphates 1.0 1.84 1.46
Chemical oxygen
demand
37 225 189
IV. CONCLUSION
Water quality measurement system measures the parameters
of water like pH, turbidity, conductivity, TDS and
temperature sensor. The system can monitor water quality
automatically and it is efficient, economical, low in cost and
fast response than the traditional method and does not require
people on duty. It is flexible system because just by replacing
the sensors and by making some changes in the software the
system can be made to measure different parameters of water.
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