Humanism is a paradigm that emerged in the 1960s that focuses on human freedom, dignity, and potential. It believes that learning is a personal act for self-fulfillment. Key proponents include Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, and Malcolm Knowles. Rogers and Maslow contributed influential theories around humanistic psychology and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Knowles is considered the father of adult learning theory. Humanism views learning as student-centered and sees the educator's role as a facilitator to help students achieve self-actualization in a supportive environment.

1. HUMANISM
- is a
paradigm/philosophy/pedag
ogical approach that
believes learning is viewed
as a personal act to fulfill
one’s potential.

2. CONTRIBUTORS
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Malcolm Knowles

3. Abraham Maslow is one of the most
influential psychologists of the twentieth
century. His biggest contributions to
psychology were his contributions to
humanistic psychology as well as his
development of the hierarchy of needs.
Maslow’s career in psychology greatly
predated the modern positive psychology
movement, but it might not look the same
were it not for him.

4. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was
a humanistic psychologist who agreed with
the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow,
but added that for a person to "grow", they
need an environment that provides them
with genuineness (openness and self-
disclosure), acceptance (being seen with
unconditional positive regard), and
empathy (being listened to and
understood).

5. Without these, relationships and healthy
personalities will not develop as they should,
much like a tree will not grow without sunlight
and water.
Rogers believed that every person could
achieve their goals, wishes, and desires in life.
When, or rather if they did so, self
actualization took place. This was one of Carl
Rogers most important contributions to
psychology, and for a person to reach their
potential a number of factors must be satisfied.

6. Malcolm Knowles is considered the
father of adult learning theory.
Because pedagogy is defined as the
art and science of teaching
children, European adult educators
coined the word andragogy to
identify the growing body of
knowledge about adult learning.

7. Humanism, a paradigm that emerged in the 1960s,
focuses on the human freedom, dignity, and potential.
A central assumption of humanism, according to Huitt
(2001), is that people act with intentionality and
values[1]. This is in contrast to the behaviorist notion of
operant conditioning (which argues that all behavior is
the result of the application of consequences) and the
cognitive psychologist belief that the discovering
knowledge or constructing meaning is central to
learning. Humanists also believe that it is necessary to
study the person as a whole, especially as an individual
grows and develops over the lifespan. It follows that the
study of the self, motivation, and goals are areas of
particular interest.

8. Key proponents of humanism include Carl
Rogers and Abraham Maslow. A primary
purpose of humanism could be described as
the development of self-actualized,
autonomous people. In humanism, learning is
student centered and personalized, and the
educator’s role is that of a facilitator. Affective
and cognitive needs are key, and the goal is to
develop self-actualized people in a
cooperative, supportive environment.

9. TEN GUIDING PRINCIPLES
OF HUMANISM

10. 1. Humanism aims at the full
development of every
human being.
2. Humanists uphold the
broadest application of
democratic principles in
all human relationships.

11. 3. Humanists advocate the use of
scientific methods, both as a guide
to distinguish fact from fiction and
to help develop beneficial and
creative uses of science and
technology

12. 4. Humanists affirm the
dignity of every person and
the right of the individual to
personal freedom
compatible with the rights
of others.

13. 5. Humanists call for the continued
improvement of society so that no
one may be deprived of the basic
necessities of life, and for
institutions and conditions to
provide every person with
opportunities for developing their
full potential.

14. 6. Humanists support the
development and extension of
fundamental human freedoms, as
expressed in the United Nations
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
and supplemented by UN International
Covenants comprising the United
Nations Bill of Human Rights.

15. 7. Humanists advocate
peaceful resolution of
conflicts between
individuals, groups, and
nations.

16. 8. The humanist ethic encourages
development of the positive
potentialities in human nature, and
approves conduct based on a sense
of responsibility to oneself and to
all other persons.

17. 9. Humanists affirm that
individual and social problems
can be resolved by means of
human reason, intelligent effort,
critical thinking joined with
compassion and a spirit of
empathy for all living beings.

18. 10. Humanists affirm that
human beings are completely a
part of nature, and that our
survival is dependent upon a
healthy planet that provides us
and all other forms of life with a
sustainable environment.

19. “I still believe, in spite
of everything, that
people are truly good at
heart.” (Anne Frank)