Biological processes Biochemical engineering lecture

1. Biological processes
• Life Cycle
(Animal, Plant, Micro organisms)
• Medicines
• Foods
• organisms to degrade pollutants
• Consumer products
• Industrial processes

2. Biology + Engineering
• Biological systems obey rules of chemistry and
physics, and are subject to engineering
analysis
• Living cells are predictable and can be
modeled and quantified
• Living processes can be constructed on
commercial scales
• Combine the skills of the engineering with the
skills of the biologist

3. Chemical Engineering
• To Produce Chemicals on commercial scale as
per laws and reactions in Sciences/Chemistry.
• A production process can be composed of
some physical changes AND some chemical
changes.
• Physical Change =?
• Chemical Change = ?

4. Unit Operations
• Evaporation
• Crushing
• Grinding
• Heating
• Cooling
• Drying
• Filtration
• Transportation of fluids

5. Unit Processes
• Oxidation
• Combustion
• Nitration
• Hydrogenation
• Sulfonation
• Chlorination

6. Units and Dimensions
• To Quantify we need units
• There are some basic/fundamental units and
• Others are derived from it
• Examples :
• Basic Units= length, Mass, Time, Temperature
• Derived = Force, Velocity, speed, Acceleration,
Energy, work

7. Fundamental Units/dimensions
• Length = L
• Mass = M
• Time = T
Units in SI/British system
L= Meter
M= kilo gram
T= seconds

8. • Speed (V) = Distance covered per second
• V= Length/time
• Dimension of V= L/T
• Acceleration unit = m/sec2 Length/time2
• Dimension of acceleration = L.T-2

9. • Force = m.a
• F=ma
• Units = Newtons, Kg-m/sec2
Dimensions = M.L.T-2

10. Find dimensions
of as many
physical
quantities
as you can

11. Units and Conversions
• Units in different systems
• MKS/ SI , British Engg system
• Meter kilogram second system
• System International
• Multiples /submultiples
• Meter = nano meter, mm, cm, km
• Gram= milli gram, mg, kg, tonnes

12. • Kilo,
• Mega,
• Giga,
• Tera,
• Milli,
• Centi,
• Nano

13. General Gas Law
• PV=nRT
• Hence
• R= PV/nT
Dimensions and Units of R in differnet systems
P= Force/area = M.L.T-2/L2
V= LegthxWidthxHeight = L3
T= Kelvin, F, C, Rankin

14. Dimensionless values
• Reynolds number
• Find dimension of
• Re = Diameter.velocity.density/viscosity
• Re= D.V.Rho/mue

15. Fluids
• Define =
• Any substance that can flow
• Gases and liquids are all fluids
• Fluids in motion requires specific knowledge,
• Like, Viscosity, pressure etc.

16. Types of flow
• Stream line
• Turbulent

17. Viscosity
• Define
• Internal resistance offered by fluids during
flow.
• More viscous like honey
• Units are centi-poise, poise.

18. Pressure of fluids
• Pressure of a gas.
• Force with which molecules collide with one
another and/or with the walls of container.
• Vapour pressure of liquids.