Introduction to Nail Laquers and Removers Classification and Formulation Presented by Abdelrahman Ibrahim Ali Department of Industrial Pharmacy

1. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 1
A Seminar as a part of curricular requirement for
M.Pharm I year I semester
NAIL LAQUERS AND REMOVERS
Presented by
Mr. Abdelrahman Ibrahim Ali
(Reg. No. 20L81S0807)
Dept. of. Industrial Pharmacy
Under the guidance/Mentorship of
Dr. C. Haranath M.Pharm, Ph.D.
Associate Professor

2. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
INTRODUCTION
• ls are transparent protective coverings on finger tips and
toes of feet.
• The care of nails is referred to as Manicuring
2
Manicure preparations include:
• Nail lacquer/enamel/paint/varnish
• Enamel remover
• Powder polish
• Nail cream
• Nail bleach
• Cuticle remover
• Cuticle softener

3. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
NAIL LACQUERS
• Nail lacquers are viscous preparations intended to decorate nails for
fingers and toes.
Ideal Characteristics:-
• It should have proper viscosity wetting and flow properties.
• It should have uniform color.
• It should have good gloss and good adhesive properties.
• It should have sufficient flexibility so that it does not crack or
become brittle.
3

4. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• It should have sufficient hard surface which is resistant to
impact and scratch.
• It should have reasonable drying time (1-2 minutes) without
developing bloom.
• It should be able to maintain the above mentioned
properties for a reasonable time (about 1 week ).
4

5. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Classification
Pearled nail lacquers:-
• Made up of lacquer base colorants pearl essence.
Creamy nail lacquers:-
• Made up of a lacquer base organic and inorganic
pigments.
5

6. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Formulation
Lacquer base
• Film former
• Resin
• Solvent
• Plasticizer
Coloring agents
• Dyes
• Lakes
• Pigments
• Pearl essence
6

7. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Other Formulating agent
• Suspending agents
• Opacifying agents
• UV absorbers
• Perfume
7

8. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Film formers
• Impart hardness toughness resistance to abrasion
viscosity to some extent.
• Nitrocellulose-widely used based on viscosity
• SR nitrocellulose :10.7 to 11.2% N2
• RR nitrocellulose :11.2 to 12.8% N2
• Other examples include cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate
butylate, ethyl cellulose, vinyl polymers.
8

9. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• Resins:
• It impart adhesion and improve gloss help in dispersing
insoluble pigments and lakes.
• Natural resins: Shellac, benzoin, gum dammar, sandarac, ester
gums.
• Synthetic resins: Sulphonamide formaldehyde resins (poly aryl
sulphonamides).
• Commercial resins :
• Santo lite MHP : Claimed to increase hardness of nitrocellulose
and impart gloss to it.
• Santo lite MS 80% : Claimed to increase moisture resistance.
9

10. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Solvents:
Solvents are volatile organic liquids that combine all the ingredients
of lacquer formulation and make homogeneous viscous preparation.
•Impart brush ability and for regulating its drying time viscosity of
the preparation.
•High BP-gives a brighter film.
•Low BP-Lowers viscosity and covering power.
•Solvents are in 3 inter-related categories:-
1. Active solvents:
True solvents
E.g. esters, ketones and glycol ethers for Nitrocellulose.
10

11. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
2. Couplers:
• Not solvents but in conjugation increase the strength of
other solvents.
3. Diluents:
• Diluents are non solvents for nitrocellulose .
• These are used to stabilize viscosity to carry resins in
solution and to reduce the effect of subsequent applications
on the coat of enamel already applied to lower the over all
cost of the product.
• E.g. Aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols like
Toluene, benzene, xylene, hexane, heptanes.
11

12. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Plasticizer
• They impart flexibility and adhesiveness to the film and also
effect viscosity and the volatility or rate of drying .
• Two types of plasticizers:-
 Solvent plasticizers:
• Act as solvents and are of high molecular weight.
• E.g. Butyl acetyl ricenoleate
 Non-Solvents plasticizers:
• Act as a softener.
• E.g. Castor oil.
12

13. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Coloring agents
• Impart acceptable shade to the lacquer base.
• The coloring agents must comply with the terms of drug and
cosmetic act.
• It should disperse well be resistant to light acids and alkali found in
detergents be non staining and produce a good gloss.
• Dyes: Soluble dyes alone normally cannot impart sufficient depth
of color abandoned due to staining the surface & surroundings of
the nail.
• E.g. Eosin, erythrosine, carmosine, rhodamine
• Lakes: Insoluble lakes are incorporated to produce suitable
shades.
• E.g. Color lakes mentioned in schedule Q to drug and cosmetics
act rules.
13

14. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Other formulating agents
• Suspending agents: Suspending properties have been achieved by
developing thixotropic system using preheated colloidal clays.
• E.g. Benzyl dimethyl hydrogenated tallow Ammonium
montmorillonite(Bentone27), Dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium
bentonite(Bentone34)
• Opacifying agents: These are whitening agents which help to develop
shades which will reflect the same coloron the nails as they are in the bottle
• E.g. Titanium dioxide, Zinc oxide.
• UV absorbers: To prevent deterioration of ingredients due to UV light
• E.g. Benzo phenonesand.
• Perfume: used mainly to counteract the unpleasant odourof the solvents
• E.g. Synthetic perfumes are preferred.
14

15. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Formulation of a Pearlescent Nail lacquer
Ingredients %
Nitrocellulose 14.90
Butyl acetate 34.04
Toulene 30.00
Toulenesulphonamideformaldehyde resin 7.10
Dibutyl phthalate 4.80
Camphor 2.40
Stearyl konium hectorite 1.20
Benzophenone - 10.20
D & C Red No. 7 , Calcium lake 0.08
D & C , No. Red . No.34 , Calcium Lake 0.05
FD&C,No.5,Aluminium lake 0.08
Bismuth oxychloride (25%) 5.00
Iron oxides 0.15
15

16. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Evaluation
Before nail lacquer is packed the following tests should be carried out
as a measure of quality control :
• Color matching
• Drying rate
• Non volatile content
• Smoothness
• Gloss
• Hardness
• Application properties
• Abrasion resistance
• Adhesion
• Water resistance
• Viscosity
• Stability
16

17. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
ENAMEL REMOVERS
Nail removers / nail cleansers are defined as the mixture of
solvents containing small amounts of fat intended to remove
the nail enamel.
Ideal Characteristics:-
• It should not be too volatile to evaporate during
application.
• It should not be non irritating to surrounding skin.
• It should not leave the nails fatty or sticky.
• It should not have strong degreasing effect to leave nails
brittle.
• It should not have unpleasant and obstructive odour.
17

18. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Types and formulation of Enamel Removers
• Type I contains solvent blends and a small percentage of
oily materials.
Formula
18
Ingredients %
Castor oil 2.5
Diethylene glycol mono ethyl ether 14.5
Acetone 83.0

19. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Type 2 (Non smearing enamel) contains Water and water
miscible solvents.
Formula
Ingredients %
Water 10.0
Ethyl acetate 90.0
19

20. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Type 3 ( Cream type enamel remover) contains solvent,
waxes and soap.
Formula
Ingredient %
Bees wax 3.0
Micro-crystalline wax 1.0
Acetylated monoglycerides 10.0
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether 52.0
Ethyl acetate 15.0
Stearic acid 15.0
Triethanolamine 4.0
20

21. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Type 4 (Gel type varnish remover) contains hydroxy propyl
cellulose.
Formula
Ingredients %
Hydroxy propyl cellulose
1.0
Butyrol acetone 75.0
PPG-12-PEG-50 lanolin 1.0
Pigment (in Butyrol acetone) 0.1
Sodium hydroxide (5% aqueous) q.s
Water To make 100.0
21

22. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Type 5 ( Conditioning nail polish remover) contains Malleated
Soyabean oil and acetone.
Formula
Ingredients %
Malleated Soyabean oil 10.0
Acetone 90.0
22

23. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Evaluation of nail enamel remover
• Subjects were given a supply of the test nail polish remover
nail enamel and cotton pads along with instructions for use
and a diary.
• Subjects were instructed to remove their nail enamel using
the test product provided 3 times per week for 4 weeks for a
total of 12 uses.
• Subjects were instructed to use their usual brand of hand
care products and not to introduce the use of any new hand
care or nail products for the duration of the study.
• Subjects returned after 4 weeks of use for a final evaluation
of the cuticles for signs of irritation.
• The last use of the test product was within 24 hours of the
final product.
23

24. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Pharmaceutical nail lacquer
• Fungal nail infection is an infection of the nails by a fungus and is
known as Onychomycosis.
• The body normally hosts a variety of bacteria and fungi.
• Some of these are useful to the body.
• Others may multiply quickly and form infections.
• Fungi can live on the dead tissues of the hair, nails, and outer skin
layers.
• Ciclo piroxtopical solution 8% contains a synthetic antifungal
agent ciclopirox.
• It is intended for topical use on finger nails and toenails and
immediately adjacent skin.
24

25. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Recent advances
Rehydrating Nail Hardener:
• (Miracle Nail) for weak, thin, peeling, and splitting nails.
Free Nail Strengthener:-
• Contains calcium and coffee extract to help strengthen and
protect natural nails from oxidants used for weak, thin, splitting
or peeling nails this product is toluene formaldehyde and dibutyl
phthalate free.
Nail Rebuilder:-
• (Anti-Aging Nail Rebuilder) For dry cracked yellowing and splitting
nails
Almond Cuticle Oil with Ginseng Extract:-
• Moisturizes and softens cuticles while nourishing and protecting
them.
25

26. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Recent advances (Continuation)
Mood changing nail lacquer:-
•This type of nail lacquer changes its shade based on the mood of the
woman.
•When her mood is normal it remains in light shade.
•When she feels anxious the shade darkens.
26

27. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
REFERENCE
• M.S. Balsam and E. Sagarin, Cosmetics : Science and Technologt,Wiley-
Inter science, New York, USA
• Rema Janardhanan, Introduction to Cosmetics, a B.Pharmacy Study Report
B.I.T.S., Pilani, Indi
• J.S. Jellinek, Formation and Function of Cosmetics, Wiley Interscience, New
York, USA
• P.P. Sharm, Cosmetics-Formulation, Manufacturing and Quality Control,
Vandana Publications, Delhi, India
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