Phycoremediation

1. DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
VIVEKANANDAARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
SANKAGIRI
PHYCOREMEDIATION
Subject: Microalgal Technology
Submitted by:
Devadharshini.P
First M.Sc.Microbiology,
Department of Microbiology,
Vivekananda Arts and Science College For Women,
Sankagiri.

2. SUBTOPIC :
• Wastewater (WW) generated from the industries, agricultural and
domestic activities produce high amounts of nutrients, heavy metals
(HMs) and chemicals that degrades the environmental assets like
land, air, water and culminates in human and animal health hazards.
• The conventional techniques of remediation are inefficient and eco-
hazardous compared to the non-conventional which are cost-
effective, reliable and ecofriendly.
• The utilization of biological agents for the remediation of natural
assets is known as bioremediation.

3. • Phycoremediation (a bioremediation technique) strategies cater to
the possibility of using algal diversity to remediate hazardous
contaminants (hydrocarbons, pesticides, radioactive matter, HMs etc.
• While also valorizing the treated biomass for the manufacture of
value-added goods (fertilizers, biofuel etc.). Apart from being a
carbon sink, algae have a significant surface-to-volume ratio.
• Apart from being a carbon sink, algae have a significant surface-to-
volume ratio, for biosorption (due to metal-binding groups on cell
surfaces), bioconcentration, and biotransformation of pollutants.
• After reviewing the extant literature (170 publications), we conclude
that in future phycoremediation shall bring in a radical change in the
existing.

5. DOMESTIC WASTE WATER TREATMENT:
• Wastewater generation is an inevitable process as it is approximately
80% of the water consumption in society. However, the
wastewater characteristics generated result from the life comforts
and technologies practiced daily (Abdel-Raouf et al., 2012).
Developing countries such as India (middle and low-income
countries) are looking for infrastructures for effective wastewater
treatment systems.
• Most of the population resides in rural areas, facing challenges like
an ever-increasing population and enhanced lifestyles. The issue is
severe because of the fast pace of urban development, and
effective effluent measures are mandatory to control and treat
wastewater.

6. • In developing countries, conventional municipal wastewater
treatment is confined to secondary treatments, mainly focusing on
solids and organics removal (Neveux et al., 2016).
• In conventional biological wastewater treatment processes, oxygen
demand by aerobic bacteria accounts for the most significant portion,
roughly half of electricity demand for a typical secondary
wastewater treatment facility utilizing the activated sludge process
(Samori et al., 2014).
• Hence, secondary effluents released to nearby receiving bodies are
rich in nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), resulting in
eutrophication and dead zones in water bodies, ultimately
polluting the freshwater sources.

8. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT:
• The discharge of wastewater into the environment before treatment
is harmful and has high pollution potential that includes
eutrophication potential, global warming potential, and toxicity-
related impacts.
• Potential applications of phycoremediation have prompted
laboratories to strengthen the development of algal-based
technologies for better exploitation of their bioremediation potential
and by-product generation ability.
• Many species of algae have been studied and utilized for their role in
wastewater treatment.

9. • Certain technological drawbacks need to be addressed to manage the
limitations of algae for industrial usage.
• This chapter focuses on the state-of-the-art applications of
microalgae for wastewater remediation. Many challenges related to
algal technology have also been demonstrated like upstream and
biomass utilization challenges.
• Improvements in algae technology to cope up with the limitations and
prospects of algae technology are explained.
• Algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms with profound
bioremediation potential and industrial applications that can reduce
the cost of expenditure on energy and fuels.

11. THANK YOU..😊