3. The ponds are typically 0.25โ0.30 m deep, shaped like a
race track and may approach 0.5 ha or more in area. A
high surface-to-volume ratio of the raceways is intended
to provide a large area for absorp- tion of the sunlight
required by algae to grow.
Raceway ponds for producing microalgae
6. Excessive algae growth can cause taste and odor
problems with drinking water and can even kill
fish by limiting oxygen and food.
DISADVANTAGE OF PONDS
7. Of greater concern are blooms that are dominated by
blue-green algae (technically cyanobacteria). Unlike
many other types of plankton algae, blue-green algae
often cause odors, unsightly surface scums (that are not
necessarily blue green in color) and, in rare cases, toxins
that can injure animals and humans
HARMFUL IN PONDS
9. Microbiofuels use
biotechnologies for biofuel
production;
Microbiofuels technology
implements production
methods based
microbiorefineries, i.e.
micro-organisms placed in a
specific environment;
MICROFUELS
10. Raceeway, also known as a flow-through system, is
an artificial channel used in aquaculture to culture
aquatic organisms. Raceway systems are among the
earliest methods used for inland aquaculture. A
raceway usually consists of rectangular basins or
canals constructed of concrete and equipped with
an inlet and outlet.
A continuous water flow-through is maintained to
provide the required level of water quality, which
allows animals to be cultured at higher densities
within
the raceway.
RACEWAY(AQUACULTURE)
11.
12. Ponds may be freshwater or
brackish in nature. 'Ponds'
consisting of saltwater, with a
direct connection to the sea
to maintain full salinity, are
normally regarded as part of
the marine environment.
These bodies of water do not
support fresh or brackish
water-based organisms, and
are not considered to be
ponds.
PONDS
