How can a graphite fiber be made electrically and thermally conducti.pdf

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How can a graphite fiber be made electrically and thermally conductive? Explain why fibers are so capable of supporting a major portion of the load in composite materials. Solution A series of woven fabric laminar composite plates and narrow strips were fabricated from a variety of pitch-based pristine and bromine intercalated graphite fibers in an attempt to determine the influence of the weave on the electrical and thermal conduction. It was found generally that these materials can be treated as if they are homogeneous plates. The rule of mixtures describes the resistivity of the composite fairly well if it is realized that only the component of the fibers normal to the equipotential surface will conduct current. When the composite is narrow with respect to the fiber weave, however, there is a marked angular dependence of the resistance which was well modeled by assuming that the current follows only along the fibers (and not across them in a transverse direction), and that the contact resistance among the fibers in the composite is negligible. The thermal conductivity of composites made from less conductive fibers more closely followed the rule of mixtures than that of the high conductivity fibers, though this is thought to be an artifact of the measurement technique. Electrical and thermal anisotropy could be induced in a particular region of the structure by weaving together high and low conductivity fibers in different directions, though this must be done throughout all of the layers of the structure as interlaminar conduction precludes having only the top layer carry the anisotropy. The anisotropy in the thermal conductivity is considerably less than either that predicted by the rule of mixtures or the electrical resistivity. Fibres are capable to support a major load due to the matrices and size of te fibres. It has three functions: a) to support the fibre in place and transfer the stress to beam. b) to protect the fibre againstphysical damage and environment c) to reduce the propagation of cracks in the composites..

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Matching. Choose the most appropriate answer from the right. 1. Null .pdf

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Numerous diseases are caused by viruses and bacteria (etc. Hepatitis, West Nile Virus, Pertussis, Avian Flu, Ebola, Cholera, Typhoid). On a Global scale, viral and bacterial diseases result in hundreds of thousands of deaths every year (sometimes millions in the case of epidemics or pandemics). However, for many of these viral and bacterial pathogens there are effective vaccines available. So, do you think the government, or your employer, or your school has the right to require vaccinations. What if your job requires you to come in contact with hundreds of people a day (nurse, bus driver, etc.). Solution The immunity against these pathogenic diseases has to develop in the children so small kids must be ensured for complete vaccination at proper ages. Vaccines for diseases like Hepatitis and Ebola are given at the early age to develop immunity for such diseases. However, those children who could not get them, should be attended by their schools through government initiatives to make sure every child get them. The jobs like nurse and drivers who happen to meet hundreds of people daily are at the greater risk of developing the diseases so their employers must take care of them..

Numerous diseases are caused by viruses and bacteria (etc. Hepatitis.pdf

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