Manufactured fluids

1. MANUFACTURED FLUIDS

2. Contain
INTRODUCTION
COAL GAS
WATER GAS
BIOFUEL
BLAST FURNACE GAS
(BFG)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

3. Introduction
 Manufactured fuels are generally called synthetic fuels.
 Synthetic fuels are made with the help of renewable energy. In a first stage,
hydrogen is produced from water. Carbon is added to this to produce a liquid fuel.
Combining CO2 and H2 then results in the synthetic fuel, which can be gasoline,
diesel, gas, or even kerosene.
 Natural gas is the most commonly used type for manufactured fuel gases, such as:
1. Coal gas: derived from coal.
2. Water gas: mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
3. Biogas; mixture of gases derived from organic matter absence of oxygen.
4. Blast furnace gas: derived from the manufacture of metallic iron in blast furnaces.

4. Coal gas
 Formula of coal gas is CH4.
 Coal gas is generally mixture of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide.
 This gas mixture is formed by the destructive distillation(heating in the absence of
air) of bituminous coal and used as a fuel.
 Sometime steam is added to react with the hot coke, thus increasing the yield of gas.
 Coal gas used as a fuel in industries, use for heating and lighting purpose.

5. Water gas
 Water gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced from synthesis
gas.
 Synthesis gas is a useful product, but requires careful handling due to its
flammability and the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
 The water-gas shift reaction can be used to oxidize the carbon monoxide while
producing additional hydrogen, resulting in water gas.
 The water-gas shift reaction describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water
vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen:
CO + H2O ⇌ CO2 + H2

6. Biofuel
 Biofuels are a class of renewable energy derived from living materials.
 The most common biofuels are corn ethanol (often made from corn), biodiesel
(sourced from vegetable oil and liquid animal fats),green diesel (derived from algae
and other plant sources), and biogas (from organic byproducts).
 Energy from renewable resources puts less strain on the limited supply of fossil
fuels, which are considered non-renewable resources.
 Biofuels can be solid, liquid, or gaseous. They are most useful in the latter two forms
as this makes it easier to transport, deliver, and burn cleanly.

7. Biogas
 Biogas is also known as gobar gas.
 Biogas is the mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the
absence of oxygen, primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide.
 Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure,
municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste.

8. Use of Biogas
 Its is commonly used in rural areas as cooking gas.
 It can be used for the production of electricity.
 It can be used in instruments used for water heating, space(room) heating etc.
 It can replace compressed natural gas for use in vehicles.
 It can displace carbon in on-site CHP plant.

9. Blast furnace gas (BFG)
 Blast furnace gas is a by-product of blast furnaces that is generated when the iron
ore is reduced with coke to metallic iron.
 It is commonly used as a fuel within the steel works, but it can be used in boilers and
power plants equipped to burn it.
 It may be combined with natural gas or coke oven gas before combustion or a flame
support with richer gas or oil is provided to sustain combustion.