module 1-plate tectonics.pptx

 Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters, and major mountain belts to the Plate Tectonic Theory”
 Locate where earthquakes epicenters are recorded
 Locate where volcanoes are found
 Locate where mountain belts are found
 Describe what the plate tectonic theory tells us about the lithosphere of the
Earth.
 Locate and identify tectonic plates
 Relate the location of earthquake epicenters, volcanoes and mountains to the
plate tectonic theory
Specific
Objectives:

1. A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction,
as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
H A
A T
R Q U K
E E

2. A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which
lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from
the earth's crust.
N
V O L C A O

3. Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which
lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.
A
M G M A

4. The point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an
earthquake.
I
E P C E N T E R

5. A major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions occur.
I R
R N G O F F I E

Earth
topography
red=mountain
blue=depression

Earth’s surface looks different from other
planets.

Tectonic plates
tectonic plate boundaries

Earth’s surface looks different from other
planets.
It seems to have defined ‘continents’.
Why is this?

The theory of continential drift was
proposed by Alfred Wegener in the early
1900s to explain these observations.
However, his ideas weren’t popular. People said:
•How are you going to move entire continents?
•What force is strong enough to move continents?
•How can you move rocks across rocks?

crust
mantle
outer core
inner core

Crust = 7 - 50 km
Mantle = 2,900 km
Core = 3,470 km
Earth layers

The Crust
 This is where we live!
 The Earth’s crust is made
of:
Continental Crust
- thick (10-70km)
- buoyant (less dense
than oceanic crust)
- mostly old
Oceanic Crust
- thin (~7 km)
- dense (sinks under
continental crust)
- young

Lithosphere-mechanical layer
-upper mantle + crust

Mantle convection
Upwelling beneath ridges
•Hot, buoyant material causes ridges to sit “high”
Downwelling at subduction zones
•Cooler, denser, material sinks

1) Recreate the distribution of recorded earthquake epicenters, volcanoes,
and mountain belts into map number 1. Mark the approximate location of
earthquakes, volcanoes and mountain belts shown on the other maps
directly into the locations on map 1. To distinguish among earthquakes,
volcanoes and mountain belts, use different colors of ink for each.
1) Examine the result of your work from the above instruction. Which of
these observations were you able to see? Write a checkmark “√” if you
agree and an “X” if you disagree.

How about volcanoes? Where do we find them? The map below gives us their locations. Each triangle pinpoints a
known volcano.

The areas colored in white are regions where we find the fold mountains of these belts.

Earthquakes are likely to happen far away
from volcanoes.
Most volcanoes are near or along the tectonic
plate boundaries.
The mountain belts are at the center of the
tectonic plates.
Epicenters of earthquakes are randomly
distributed. They DO NOT form a pattern.
Locations of volcanoes, mountains, and
earthquakes are related to plate tectonic
boundaries.

World
Plates
7 major tectonic plates
1.African plate
2.Eurasian plate
3.Australian plate
4.North American Plate
5. South American plate
6. Antarctic plate
7. Pacific plate

World
Plates
7 minor tectonic plates
Nazca plate
the biggest plate in
between the South
American and Pacific
plates
Philippine plate
between the Pacific
and Eurasian plates
Scotia plate
a small plate
underneath the South
American plate
Indian plate
includes the
subcontinent and
country of India
Arabian plate
shares borders with
the African, Indian
and Eurasian plates
Cocos plate
shares borders with
the Pacific, Nazca
and North American
and Caribbean plates
Caribbean plate
shares borders with
the Nazca, North
American, South
American and Cocos
plate

1) The Earth’s surface has a mechanical layer called the ____________. It is made
up of the _________ and the _______________________________of the mantle.
This mechanical layer is “floating” above the semi-melted layer of the mantle
referred to as the ____________________.
2) The lithosphere is fragmented into several segments called ____________________.
3) A great majority of earthquake epicenters are found _____________________________.
4) Most volcanoes are located _________________________________.
5) Mountain ranges are located ________________________________.
6) The boundaries between tectonic plates are drawn on the map based on
information and data gathered from
lithosphere
crust uppermost rigid part
asthenosphere
tectonic plates
near or along the boundary plates
location of volcanoes
distribution of earthquake epicenters
location of mountain belts
Modern GPS and satellites

 Locate the Philippines in the world map in relation to where the
lithospheric plates and tectonic boundaries are.
1) What major and minor tectonic plates are near the Philippines?
2. Is the Philippines near a tectonic plate boundary? What
tectonic plate boundary is this?
3. What does the answer in question number 2 tell us about earthquakes and
volcanoes in the country?
4. Why is this information relevant to us as citizens of the Philippines?

1. What does the Plate Tectonic Theory explain about the lithosphere
of the Earth?
A. It is fragmented into several segments
B. The lithosphere is rotating around the mantle
C. The lithosphere is not rigid and therefore flows like a fluid
D. It is one whole integrated system that floats on top of the
mantle

2. How many MAJOR tectonic plates are there in the
Earth’s lithosphere?
A. six C. eight
B. seven D. nine

3. Which of the following are sub-components of the mantle?
I. Asthenosphere II. Lower Mantle (Mesosphere) III. Outermost rigid mantle layer
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. I and III
D. I, II and III

4. What layer of the Earth is made up of the crust and the uppermost
mantle?
A. lithosphere
B. mantle
C. continental crust
D. plate tectonic boundary

5. Which geologic activities are found near or along tectonic plate
boundaries?
I. Volcanism II. Earthquakes III. Mountains
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I, II and III
D. None of them

6. What can be traced when volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and
mountain ranges are marked on the map?
A. places where archipelagos exist
B. countries with thin oceanic crust
C. boundaries between tectonic plates
D. areas prone to typhoons and storms

7. Which of these observations indicates that the Philippines has
active volcanoes and a high frequency of earthquakes?
A. The Philippines is near a big body of water.
B. The country is far from a tectonic plate boundary.
C. The country is near the boundary of two tectonic plates.
D. The Philippines is located at the center of a tectonic plate.

8. What type of a tectonic plate is the Scotia plate?
A. major plate
B. minor plate
C. microplate
D. it is not a plate

9. Which major tectonic plate is located directly above the Scotia
plate on the map?
A. African plate
B. Eurasian plate
C. North American plate
D. South American plate

10. Australia does not have a single volcano that is active for
thousands of years. What could be the reason for this?
A. the size of its landmass
B. its location within the tectonic plate
C. the frequency of earthquakes in the country
D. its lithosphere composition is different from others

What are the different types of plate
boundaries?

module 1-plate tectonics.pptx

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module 1-plate tectonics.pptx