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Unit: II
Tourism as a Industry
By: Priya Sinha,NSU,JSR.
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Session Objective
After completion of this the students will be able to
understands:
• Introduction of tourism industry
• Tourism industry as a value chain
• Tourism key drivers & components of tourism
industry
• Constituents Of Tourism Industry
• Travel formalities and Regulations
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Tourism Industry
• Introduction:
Tourism is a very vast, vibrant, dynamic and growth oriented industry.
Tourism as an industry is the set of all business activities which serves the
needs tourists while they visit different places by way of tourism, touring or
travelling.
Tourism industry therefore can be defined as the set of industries which
facilitate by providing infrastructure and products and services and make
possible travelling for different purposes and travelling to places of leisure
and business interests.
Tourism industry is all about providing necessary means to assist tourists
throughout their travelling.
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Tourism industry as a value chain
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Tourism key drivers
• This industry is driven by tourists. These tourists are its primary and only customer
segment who show the need and desire to visit places for different reasons.
Some of the key drivers for tourism industry are:
• Tourism needs and desires
• Income growth
• Travel affordability
• Availability of more leisure time
• Social, cultural, sports and other recreational events
• New tourist attractions and destinations
• Communication advancements
• Better and faster transportation facilities
• Infrastructure development, connecting and bringing remote and more
destinations on travel map
• Hospitality industry attractiveness
• Growth in business events
• Growth in International business and dealings
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Components of tourism industry
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Main/Major Constituents Secondary Constituents Tertiary Constituents
Transport
Hospitality &
Hotel
Entertainment
Travel agents &
tour operators
Guide & escorts
Shops and state emporium
Art and craft
Local transport
Banks
Insurance companies
Communication services-
include public phones,
mobiles, internet café,
videoconferencing, television,
radio, telex , fax
Performing artist
Publisher
Advertisers
Hawkers and coolies
Agents and brokers
Essential services- electricity,
waste disposal, sewage, health
facilities, security
Construction/ Real
estates
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Challenges faced by domestic travel & tourism
industry in India
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• Travel Formalities &
Regulations
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Overview of Travel Formalities
Certain formalities need to be completed by tourists before they
can leave their country or enter another country. This is in the
interest of the tourists as well as the country being visited. These
formalities are in the form of official documents and
endorsements which need to be procured well in advance.
Generally there is no restriction on Indian and foreign nationals
visiting any state in India except for the border states and islands,
for which a special entry permit is required.
Travel formalities which need to be completed before
undertaking any travel abroad are as follows:
I. Passport, II. Visa, III. Health,
IV. Customs, V. Currency, VI. Travel Insurance
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Passport
• A passport is a document, issued by a national government , which certifies the
identity and nationality of its holder for the purpose of international travel. The
elements of identity are name, date of birth, sex, and place of birth.
• An official document issued by a competent public authority or official; the
sovereign head of the country.
• The President of India is the issuing authority in our country.
• A privilege issued to citizens of a country, or aliens residing in that country, for a
period of time. Every citizen's birth right.
• The rights to consular protection arise from international agreements, and the right
to return arises from the laws of the issuing country.
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TYPES OF PASSPORT….
ORDINARY PASSPORT
OFFICIALPASSPORT
DIPLOMATIC
PASSPORT
EMERGENCY PASSPORT
COLLECTIVE
PASSPORT
FAMILYPASSPORT
ALIEN PASSPORT
LAISSEZ-PASSER
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PASSPORT DETAILS
Signature & seal
of issuing office
Family name
First name
photograph
signatures
Date of birth
Place of birth
Passport number
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Cotnd….
• Indian passports also subject to an Emigration clearance from the office of
Protector of Emigrants.
• This is applicable for some of the countries.
• Europe, U.S., Canada and some other countries are exempted.
• Required for all countries in the Middle East & some Asian & African countries.
• For tourist purposes, a waiver required for each trip.
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VISA "VISITORS INTENDED STAYABROAD"
A visa is a document showing that a
person is authorized to enter the territory for
which it was issued.
Subject to permission of an immigration
official at the time of the actual entry.
As per TIM (Travel information manual),
a Visa is an entry in a passport or other
travel document made by a consular official
of a government to indicate that the bearer
has been granted authority to enter or re-
enter the country concerned.
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TYPES OFVISA
Tourist Visa
Immigrant Visa
Student Visa
Employment Visa
Medical Visa
Business Visa
Private visa
Transit Visa
TWOV (Transit Without Official Visa)
Some countries which do not require visas for short stays
may require a long stay visa for those who intend to apply
for a residence permit. For example, EU does not require a
visa for many industrialized countries for stays under 90
days, but
its members require a long stay visa for longer stays.
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Health Documents
•Health documents Some countries require visitors to take
some precautionary vaccinations prior to a visit. These are
normally for Yellow Fever & Cholera infected zones. Pax
must have these vaccinations endorsed in a booklet, format
for which is prescribed by the WHO.
•Yellow Fever
•Cholera
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YELLOW FEVER
• Yellow Fever - Validity of
Vaccination Primary
Vaccination - Certificate
valid for 10 years beginning
10 days after primary
vaccination.
• Re- vaccination within
validity
- Certificate will be valid for
another 10 years beginning
on the date of re-
vaccination. However the old
certificate must be shown
during the first 10 days after
re-vaccination.
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CHOLERA
• Cholera - Validity of
Vaccination Primary
Vaccination - Certificate valid
for 6 months beginning 6 days
after primary vaccination.
• Re- vaccination within validity
- Certificate will be valid
for another 6 months beginning
on the date of re-vaccination.
• However the old certificate
must be shown during the first
6 days after re- vaccination.
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AIRPORT
TAX
Airport tax many countries charge airport tax from
passengers departing from their airports.
The information regarding each country’s airport tax can be
found in the TIM. Most countries require this tax to be
collected on the ticket itself.
Hence this info also included in fares / pricing function of
CRS.
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CURRENCY REGULATIONS
• Currency Regulations Contained in the TIM
are currency regulations for each country.
• This includes details of Currency Import &
Export. Import – How much of currency
can a passenger bring into the country.
• Export – How much Foreign Exchange can
a passenger carry out of the country.
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CUSTOMS REGULATIONS
• Customs Regulations TIM includes
information on Customs regulations for all
countries.
• This information is about what a passenger
can bring into and take out of a country
without having to pay duty.
• Also known as the Duty-free allowance of a
passenger.
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• Travel Insurance Always advisable to carry Insurance
while travelling abroad, also mandatory for many
countries.
• Covers several risks associated with travel. Should be pre-
purchased and must remain valid for the duration of trip.
Covers several risks, such as…
Loss of Advance, Deposit ,Travel Delays, Medical &
Related Expenses Interruption / Curtailment
• Returning to Resume ,Travel Personal, Accident Luggage,
Personal Effects & Money Loss Personal Liability
TRAVELINSURANCE
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