This document defines and describes various fetal positions, presentations, and malpositions that can occur during childbirth. It discusses the definitions of lie, attitude, presentation, and denominator. It then describes specific positions and presentations for vertex, breech, face, brow, transverse lie, shoulder, and compound presentations. Malpositions occur when the relationship between the denominator and pelvis is other than the ileopectineal eminence. The document provides examples of both normal positions and potential malpositions for each presentation type.
3. LIE:- IT IS THE RELATION OF LONG AXIS OF
FETUS SPINE WITH THE LONG AXIS OF THE
UTERUS(MATERNAL SPINE).
a)LONGITUDINAL LIE
b)OBLIQUE LIE
c) TRANSVERSE LIE.
ATTITUDE:- IS THE RELATION OF FETAL HEAD &
LIMBS TO ITS TRUCK.
PRESENTATION:- IT IS THE PART OF
PRESENTATION THAT ENTERS THE BIRTH CANAL
FIRST.
DENOMEINATOR:-IT IS THE ARBITARY FIXED
POINT FOR ANY PRESENTING PART, WHICH
COMES IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT QUADRENTS
OF MATERNAL PELVIS.
4.
5.
6. MALPOSITION:-
WHEN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE
DENOMINATOR (OCCIPUT) OF THE
PRESENTATION(VERTEX) & POINT ON THE
PELVIS IS OTHER THAN ILEOPECTINEAL
EMINENCE.
7.
8.
9.
10. IN CASE OF VERTEX PRESETAION:
OCCIPITOPOSTERIOR POSITIONS:-
A) R.O.P
B) L.O.P
C) DIRECT OCCIPITOPOSTERIOR
11.
12.
13.
14. IN CASE OF BREECH PRESENTATION:-
THE LIE IS LONGITUDINAL & THE PODALIC POLE
PRESENT AT THE PELVIC BRIM
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. IN CASE OF FACE PRESENTATION:-
THE DENOMINATOR IS THE MENTUM OF THE FETUS
22.
23.
24.
25.
26. IN CASE OF BROW PRESENTATION:- IN THE
BROW PRESENTATION THE FETAL HEAD IS
PARTIALLY EXTENDED..
27. TRANSVERSE LIE:-
WHEN THE LONG AXIS OF THE FETUS
PERPENDICULARLY TO THE MATERNAL SPINE.
POSTIONS MAY BE:-
a)DORSAL ANTERIOR
b)DORSAL POSTERIOR
c) DORSAL SUPERIOR
d)DORSAL INFERIOR.
28. IN CASE OF SHOULDER PRESENTATION
WHEN THE FETUS LIES WITH ITS LONG AXIS ACROSS THE
LONGAXIS OF THE UTERUS (TRANSVERSE LIE) THE SHOULDER
IS MOSTLIKELY TO PRESENT
29.
30. IN CASE COMPOUND PRESENTATION
WHEN A HAND, OR OCCASIONALLY A FOOT, LIES
ALONGSIDE THE HEAD, THE PRESENTATION IS SAID TO
BE COMPOUND.