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Adaptive Image Compression Using
Saliency and KAZE Features
Authors: Siddharth Srivastava, Prerana Mukherjee,
Dr. Brejesh Lall
SPCOM 2016
Department of Electrical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
Overview
• Introduction
• Background
• Proposed Methodology
• Experimental Results and Discussions
• Conclusion
SPCOM 2016
Introduction
• Primary Objectives
– To achieve image compression based on
importance of the contents in the image.
– Utilize properties from local regions to identify
region importance.
SPCOM 2016
Introduction
• Underlying Principles
– Differed Importance: The human eye gives more
importance to salient regions
– Transition: The surrounding regions around salient
objects make them distinguishable
– Rejection: Perceptually less significant Pixels/Regions
can be made further insignificant
– Object Characterization
• Well defined boundary
• Distinctive appearance
• Uniqueness
SPCOM 2016
Introduction
• Core Methodology
– We adapt the quality factor in JPEG compression
scheme for each block instead of a global quality
factor
– This adaptation of quality parameter is based on
saliency map and strength of KAZE keypoints
SPCOM 2016
Introduction
• Key Contributions:
– JPEG Compatible
– First to introduce KAZE for image compression
– Maintains better perceptual quality at high
compression ratios
SPCOM 2016
Saliency
Map
Generation
Extraction of
features from the
Image
Form Activation
Maps based on
those features
Combining Maps
for different
features into one
Background: Saliency Map
SPCOM 2016
Background: Saliency Map Computation
Aimed at segmenting objects
Weighted Combination
SPCOM 2016
P. Mukherjee, B. Lall, and A. Shah, “Saliency map based improved segmentation,” in Image Processing (ICIP), 2015 IEEE International
Conference on. IEEE, 2015.
Background: KAZE
• KAZE is a recent feature detection technique
which exploits the non linear scale space to
detect keypoints along edges and sharp
discontinuities.
• Non linear diffusion filtering allows KAZE to
achieve less blurring on edges as compared to
Gaussian Blurring.
SPCOM 2016
Saliency Map and KAZE
Fig. 1: (a) Original Image (b) Saliency Map (c) KAZE keypoints
SPCOM 2016
a) b) c)
Proposed Methodology
Fig. 2: Architecture of (a) Compression and (b) Decompression
SPCOM 2016
Adapting Quality Parameter (QP) with
Saliency Response
i: the 8x8 block in the image
M. T. Khanna, K. Rai, S. Chaudhury, and B. Lall, “Perceptual depth preserving saliency based image compression,” in Proceedings
of the 2nd International Conference on Perception and Machine Intelligence. ACM, 2015, pp. 218–223.
SPCOM 2016
Adapting Quality Parameter (QP) with
Keypoint Response
i: the 8x8 block in the image
SPCOM 2016
Algorithm I: Algorithm for Piecewise Adaptive QP
– QSal = QJPEG * salBoost
– MR = mean(image_response)
– BS = blockStrength
β1 * QSal if BS = 0 and salBoost < 1
QSal if BS = 0 and salBoost ≥ 1
or BS ≥ α * MR and BS < (1-α) *
MR
(1-α) *
QSal
if α * MR
(1+α) *
QSal
if BS < (1-α)*MR and BS ≤
(1+α)*MR
β2 * QSal otherwise
boostedQP =
*0 < α ≤ 0.5, β1 < 1 and β2 > 1
SPCOM 2016
Results
SPCOM 2016
Fig. 3: (a) Plot showing the change in PSNR rate as the compression ratio
changes (b) Plot between FSIMc with the varying compression ratio
Results
SPCOM 2016
Fig. 4: (a) Original Image (b) Results after JPEG compression
(c) Results after Adaptive Compression (Proposed Approach)
a) b) c)
References
• P. Mukherjee, B. Lall, and A. Shah, “Saliency map based
improved segmentation,” in Image Processing (ICIP),
2015 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2015.
• M. T. Khanna, K. Rai, S. Chaudhury, and B. Lall,
“Perceptual depth preserving saliency based image
compression,” in Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Perception and Machine Intelligence.
ACM, 2015, pp. 218–223.
• F. Alcantarilla, A. Bartoli, and A. J. Davison, “Kaze
features,” in Computer Vision–ECCV 2012. Springer,
2012, pp. 214–227.
SPCOM 2016
SPCOM 2016
SPCOM 2016
KAZE: Background
SPCOM 2016
KAZE: Background
SPCOM 2016
KAZE: Background
SPCOM 2016
KAZE: Background
SPCOM 2016
KAZE: Background
SPCOM 2016
equation for building non linear scale space using AOS
KAZE: Keypoint Detection
SPCOM 2016
Comparison between gaussian blurring and nonlinear diffusion
Non linear vs linear scale space
SPCOM 2016
Feature detectionKAZE: Keypoint Detection
SPCOM 2016
Scharr edge filter
The Scharr operator is the most common technique with two kernels used to
estimate the two dimensional second derivatives horizontally and vertically.
The operator for the two direction is given by the following formula:
KAZE: Keypoint Detection
SPCOM 2016
Feature descriptionKAZE: Keypoint Description
SPCOM 2016
KAZE: Keypoint Description
SPCOM 2016
Piecewise function for further
adapting QP
SPCOM 2016

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Adaptive Image Compression Using Saliency and KAZE Features

  • 1. Adaptive Image Compression Using Saliency and KAZE Features Authors: Siddharth Srivastava, Prerana Mukherjee, Dr. Brejesh Lall SPCOM 2016 Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
  • 2. Overview • Introduction • Background • Proposed Methodology • Experimental Results and Discussions • Conclusion SPCOM 2016
  • 3. Introduction • Primary Objectives – To achieve image compression based on importance of the contents in the image. – Utilize properties from local regions to identify region importance. SPCOM 2016
  • 4. Introduction • Underlying Principles – Differed Importance: The human eye gives more importance to salient regions – Transition: The surrounding regions around salient objects make them distinguishable – Rejection: Perceptually less significant Pixels/Regions can be made further insignificant – Object Characterization • Well defined boundary • Distinctive appearance • Uniqueness SPCOM 2016
  • 5. Introduction • Core Methodology – We adapt the quality factor in JPEG compression scheme for each block instead of a global quality factor – This adaptation of quality parameter is based on saliency map and strength of KAZE keypoints SPCOM 2016
  • 6. Introduction • Key Contributions: – JPEG Compatible – First to introduce KAZE for image compression – Maintains better perceptual quality at high compression ratios SPCOM 2016
  • 7. Saliency Map Generation Extraction of features from the Image Form Activation Maps based on those features Combining Maps for different features into one Background: Saliency Map SPCOM 2016
  • 8. Background: Saliency Map Computation Aimed at segmenting objects Weighted Combination SPCOM 2016 P. Mukherjee, B. Lall, and A. Shah, “Saliency map based improved segmentation,” in Image Processing (ICIP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2015.
  • 9. Background: KAZE • KAZE is a recent feature detection technique which exploits the non linear scale space to detect keypoints along edges and sharp discontinuities. • Non linear diffusion filtering allows KAZE to achieve less blurring on edges as compared to Gaussian Blurring. SPCOM 2016
  • 10. Saliency Map and KAZE Fig. 1: (a) Original Image (b) Saliency Map (c) KAZE keypoints SPCOM 2016 a) b) c)
  • 11. Proposed Methodology Fig. 2: Architecture of (a) Compression and (b) Decompression SPCOM 2016
  • 12. Adapting Quality Parameter (QP) with Saliency Response i: the 8x8 block in the image M. T. Khanna, K. Rai, S. Chaudhury, and B. Lall, “Perceptual depth preserving saliency based image compression,” in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Perception and Machine Intelligence. ACM, 2015, pp. 218–223. SPCOM 2016
  • 13. Adapting Quality Parameter (QP) with Keypoint Response i: the 8x8 block in the image SPCOM 2016
  • 14. Algorithm I: Algorithm for Piecewise Adaptive QP – QSal = QJPEG * salBoost – MR = mean(image_response) – BS = blockStrength β1 * QSal if BS = 0 and salBoost < 1 QSal if BS = 0 and salBoost ≥ 1 or BS ≥ α * MR and BS < (1-α) * MR (1-α) * QSal if α * MR (1+α) * QSal if BS < (1-α)*MR and BS ≤ (1+α)*MR β2 * QSal otherwise boostedQP = *0 < α ≤ 0.5, β1 < 1 and β2 > 1 SPCOM 2016
  • 15. Results SPCOM 2016 Fig. 3: (a) Plot showing the change in PSNR rate as the compression ratio changes (b) Plot between FSIMc with the varying compression ratio
  • 16. Results SPCOM 2016 Fig. 4: (a) Original Image (b) Results after JPEG compression (c) Results after Adaptive Compression (Proposed Approach) a) b) c)
  • 17. References • P. Mukherjee, B. Lall, and A. Shah, “Saliency map based improved segmentation,” in Image Processing (ICIP), 2015 IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2015. • M. T. Khanna, K. Rai, S. Chaudhury, and B. Lall, “Perceptual depth preserving saliency based image compression,” in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Perception and Machine Intelligence. ACM, 2015, pp. 218–223. • F. Alcantarilla, A. Bartoli, and A. J. Davison, “Kaze features,” in Computer Vision–ECCV 2012. Springer, 2012, pp. 214–227. SPCOM 2016
  • 25. equation for building non linear scale space using AOS KAZE: Keypoint Detection SPCOM 2016
  • 26. Comparison between gaussian blurring and nonlinear diffusion Non linear vs linear scale space SPCOM 2016
  • 27. Feature detectionKAZE: Keypoint Detection SPCOM 2016
  • 28. Scharr edge filter The Scharr operator is the most common technique with two kernels used to estimate the two dimensional second derivatives horizontally and vertically. The operator for the two direction is given by the following formula: KAZE: Keypoint Detection SPCOM 2016
  • 29. Feature descriptionKAZE: Keypoint Description SPCOM 2016
  • 31. Piecewise function for further adapting QP SPCOM 2016