2. Content :
1. Introduction
2. What is enzyme
Immobilization/Immobilized Enzyme
3. Why enzymes are immobilized
4. Advantage of enzyme immobilization
5. Disadvantages of enzyme
immobilization
6. Methods of enzyme immobilization
7.Application of enzyme immobilization
8.Reference
3. INTRODUCTION
As enzymes are biological catalyst that catalyze biochemical reactions but are not
consumed themselves in the reactions; they may be used repeatedly for as long as they
remain active. However, in most of the processes, enzymes are mixed in a solution with
substrates and cannot be economically recovered a�er the reaction and are generally
wasted. Thus, there is stimulus to use enzymes in an immobilized or insolubilized form
so that they may be retained in a biochemical reactor for further catalysis.
Immobilization of Lactase Enzyme on Alginate Beads
4. Enzyme Immobilization :
Enzyme immobilization can be defined as the captivity of
enzyme molecules within a support physically or
chemically or both, in such a way that it retains its full
activity or most of its activity.
Immobilized Enzyme :
An immobilized enzyme is one whose movement in
space has been restricted either completely or to a
small limited region.
5. Need for immobilization
1. Allows development of multi-enzyme reaction
system.
2. Cost efficiency
3. Retention of enzyme free products.
4. The ability to stop the reaction rapidly by
removing the enzyme from the reaction solution.
5. Protection from degradation and deactivation.
6. Attachment to polymers/matrix, causes
re-use.
7. Enhanced stability
6. Advantages of enzyme
immobilization : -
1. Immobilized enzymes are usually more stable.
2. Product is not contaminated with the enzyme.
3. Increased functional efficiency.
4. Easy separation of the enzyme from the product.
5. Reduces effluent disposal problems.
6. Enhanced reproducibility.
7. Allows development of a multi-enzyme reaction
system.
7. Disadvantages of enzyme
immobilization : -
1. Certain immobilization protocols offer
serious problems with respect to the diffusion
of the substrate to have an access to the
enzyme.
2. Relatively expensive and complicated in
procedures.
3. Lack of controls on micro environmental
conditions
8. Methods of immobilization
●Five different methods of immobilization
of enzyme
1. Adsorption
2. Entrapment
3. Encapsulation
4. Covalent bonding
5. Copolymerization
9. Supports/Matrix used in
immobilization
◆ The matrix hold the enzyme.
◆ It should be cheap and easily available.
◆ The matrix are grouped into three
major categories
1. Natural polymers
2. Synthetic polymers
3. Inorganic polymers
