Basic information on lipids

1. PRESENTED BY-
SUMEDHA SAHU
POOJALAXMI SAHOO
SHASWATI SAHU

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• CLASSIFICATION
• STRUCTURE OF LIPIDS
• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• FUNCTION OF LIPIDS
• REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
• The word lipid is derived from the Greek word
‘lipos’ which means fat.
• Lipids are organic compounds that contain
hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms, which
form the framework for the structure and
functions of living cells.
• Lipids insoluble in water but soluble in non-
polar solvents, such as –ether, chloroform, and
benzene.
• Lipids are hydrophobic in nature due to their
structure predominance of hydrocarbon chains
(CH2-CH2-CH2).
• Lipids are potentially related to fatty acids and
utilized by the living cell.
• In the human body, these molecules can be

4. Fatty Acid +
Alcohol
[Fatty Acid +
Alcohol]
Simple lipid
+
Additional group
Derivatives of
Simple/Compound
Lipids
Possess the
characteristics of
Lipids
CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

5.  FATS &
OILS
 WAXES
 PHOSPHOLIPID
S
 GLYCOLIPIDS
 OTHERS
 FATTY ACIDS
 STEROIDS
 STEROLS
 EICOSANOIDS
 KETONE
BODIES
 SQUALENE
 CAROTENOID
S
 VIT. K & E
 TERPENES

6. SIMPLE LIPIDS COMPOUND LIPIDS DERIVED LIPIDS MISCELLANEOUS
Fats & oils
Esters of FA with
glycerol
 Vegetable oils like
maize oil, palm
oil, sunflower oil,
olive oil
 Animal fats like
butter, tallow, lard
 Manufactured
products like
margarines
Waxes
Esters of higher
alcohols with long
chain FAs
 Bee wax
 Chinese wax from
Ceroplastes
ceriferus
 Lanolin(wool wax)
 Shellac wax from
Phospholipids –
FA +
Glycerol/sphingosine +
Pi + nitrogenous bases
• Glycerophospholip
id – e.g. Lecithin,
Cephalin
• Sphingophospholi
pid – e.g.
Sphingomyelin
Glycolipids –
FA + Sphingosine +
carbs
• Cerebrosides– e.g.
Cerebron, Nervon
• Gangliosides– e.g.
In egg yolk(GM3,
GM4)
Sulfolipid/Proteoli
pids
Fatty acids –
Based on no of
carbons-
• Short chain FA
• Medium chain FA
• Long chain FA
Based on presence of
double bonds-
• Saturated FA
• Unsaturated FA
• Branched chain FA
Steroids – E.g. sex
hormones, bile acids
Sterols – E.g.
cholesterol, ergosterol
Eicosanoids –E.g.
Prostaglandin,
Leukotriene
Ketone bodies – E.g.
Acetoacetate, Acetone
Terpenes- oils
produced from plant
parts. E.g. Camphor,
Menthol, etc
Squalene – derived
from animal
sources(shark liver)
and plant
sources(olives,
amaranth, sugarcane)
Carotenoids –
pigments exhibiting
red , orange & yellow
colours in fruits,
veggies, fungi,
flowers, etc
Fat-soluble

8. FATTY ACIDS
• General formula - R(CH2)n-COOH
• Fatty acid is an even no of carbon
atoms between 14 and 24.
• The 16 and 18-carbon fatty acids
are the most common.
• E.g palmitic acid –
CH3(CH2)14COOH (Hexadecanic
acid)
• Stearic acid – CH3(CH2)16COOH
(Octadecanic acid)

11. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• Lipid are insoluble water At room temperature lipid either present
in liquid condition or non-crystalline solid condition
• They act as energy storage molecule
• They are soluble in organic solvent like alcohol ,chloroform
,benzene etc
• Fat consist of high properties of saturated fatty acid
• Fat and oil of pure form are colourless tasteless and odourless
• The even act as insulation against heat and cold
• Oil consist of high properties of unsaturated fatty acid show cis-
trans isomerisation due to presence of double bond

12. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
HYDROLYSIS OF
TRIGLYCEROLS
SAPONIFICATION
HYDROGENATION
HALOGENATION
RANCIDITY

13. FUNCTION OF LIPID
• Energy production and storage
• Insulation and protection
• Cell wall structure
• Hormone production

14. REFERENCE
• https://microbenotes.com/lipids-properties-structure-classification-and-
functions/
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-are-lipids-structure-classification-
properties-functions/
• https://www.physio-pedia.com/Lipids
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/lipid
• https://www.slideshare.net/ockhagan/lipid200-structure-and-function
• https://www.slideshare.net/vivekaiden/lipids-classification-and-types