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1. Essay on History Of Space Exploration
Exploration; to travel in a little–known region for discovery, as defined by Webster. Since the age of the Greeks, Anglo
–Saxons have been interested in
space exploration. From Copernicus to Gaileo to Newton, space has been looked upon with adoring eyes. Space has been regarded time after time as
the final frontier.
That was until 1957, with the launch of the Sputnik–1, when the Soviet built satellite became the first man–made satellite successfully launched out into
outer space. In 1958, the United States matched the Soviets with their own satellite, Explorer III. After that, it became a free–for–all out into the darkest
regions of the final frontier. The ascension into space for the United States started off with rockets, satellites,...show more content...
On August 27th, 1962, the US achieved the world's first successful interplanetary spacecraft when the Mariner 2 was launched. It arrived at Venus at a
distance of 34,800 kilometers and scanned its surface with infrared and microwave radiometers. It also captured data that showed Venus' surface to be
about 425 C.
(Hamilton) On November 28th, 1964 the Mariner 4 was launched. It gave the first glimpse of Mars at close range, traveling within 9,920 kilometers
of Mars' surface. It also confirmed Mar's thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide. (Cook)On November 3rd, 1973, Mariner 10 was launched. It was the first
dual planet mission.
It recorded Venus' temperature to be–23 C and produced 10,000 pictures of Mercury covering 57% of the planet's surface. It also recorded the surface
temperatures ranging from 187 C on the day side and –183 C on the night side. (Hamilton) Furthermore, it was also the first probe to use one planet's
gravity to propel itself towards another planet. On April 30th, 1966, the Surveyor 1 achieved the US's first soft landing on the lunar surface. The
Soviets beat the US with the Luna 9 soft landing on January 31st.
The Surveyor series were unmanned spacecrafts designed to land on the Moon's surface. Their objective was to provide information about the lunar
surface to see if the terrain was safe, in preparation for manned landings. Their legs were "instrumented
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