This semester, I am taking UGBA 155 - Leadership. Throughout the semester, we learned so many interesting concepts about leadership such as thinking from right to left, adaptive problems vs technical problems, creating a vision, and so much more. For our final project, my group and I wanted to focus on two concepts we learned in class: Myers-Briggs Types and leading by two. We wanted to see the pros and cons of leading by two pairings with the complete opposite, the exact same, and a mix of Myers-Briggs types. To observe the pros and cons of different leading by two pairings, each pair would compete to raise money for Undocufund, an organization that directly helps undocumented folks that were affected by the fires in Sonoma. We have compiled our results into a presentation and we wanted to share it with you. We hope you can use this data for your organization's future fundraisers and learn more about how to best lead with your leading by two team. @danmulhern #Haas155Leads

1. UGBA 155: Final Project
Group 1
Fall 2017
1
MB Types & Fundraising

2. 1 Group Introduction
Team Introduction and Vision

3. Meet Group 1
Leland Reardon
INTP
Paul Nguyen
ISTJ
Korina Gaw
ISTJ
Mikaela
Burns
ESFJ
Matt Ladrech
ENFJ
Ali Yama Khogadai
ESFJ
Katie Chiou
ENFJ
3

4. Big Vision
Our overarching vision in this project is to raise money for
those that lost their homes in the fires

5. Our Beneficiary: UndocuFund
5
UndocuFund is raising money to help undocumented folks that were affected by the fires in Sonoma.
People that have undocumented status are not eligible for federal disaster relief funding and support, such
as FEMA. The funds that UndocuFund receives are going directly to undocumented families to support
them with direct expenses incurred as a result of the fires, such as medical expenses, rent, essential
household item replacement, temporary housing, home repairs, and tools required for work.

6. The events that took place in Santa Rosa and the greater Sonoma county hit close to home for our
group. Two of our extended family members went through this experience firsthand when the fire took
place, losing a majority of their belongings. This catastrophic event destructed schools, families,
communities, and many sentimental items that are simply irreplaceable.
Any and all contributions were greatly appreciated to help all these people get through an
unexplainably difficult time. In the midst of a situation like this, it is imperative to collectivize and
rebuild the unspeakable damage that has taken place.
Santa Rosa Fires
6

7. Our Vision
7
Through this project, we will learn how effective different Leading by Two/MBs pairs are, measured by
the amount of money raised and individual assessments of the experience.
We hope through our personal experience we can help other Leading By Two teams be most successful
in with their partner by spreading the lessons that we learn through our brief experiment.
We also hope to increase awareness about an organization that is assisting people that do not receive
any federal resources, to get back on their feet after the Sonoma fires. We hope this project will not only
lead us to experiment with MB, but also help support an organization that supports a diverse group of
people that are often overlooked in disaster relief.

8. Beyond Donations
8
As a group, we wanted to leave behind a tangible example of the expectations, concerns, and successes
of leadership in teams. By doing so, we want to help other clubs on campus fundraise more effectively
by leveraging the strengths of every MBTI type on their team.
Here are some of the campus organizations we’ve shared our findings with:
Korina’s Organization: Financial Literacy and Economic Justice Conference
Annual conference that promotes financial literacy and economic justice through curated workshops
hosted by professionals. Funding is received via corporate sponsors and grants written by students
Mikaela’s Organization: Gradfood
Club that aims to bring interdisciplinary graduate students together that are interested in changing the
food system. Most funding is received via grants but club would like to expand funding sources

9. 2 Lessons from Class
Applicable Lectures and Readings

10. What We Know of MB Types
10
From the Readings:
Sensors:
● Prefer specific answers to specific questions
● Like to concentrate on the moment
Intuitive:
● Tend to think about several things at once
● Boring details are a redundancy
Judgers:
● Have a schedule and follow it
● Thrive on order
Perceivers:
● Accused of being disorganized
● Love to explore the unknown
NF:
● Highly responsive to interpersonal transactions
NT:
● Focuses on possibilities through non-personal
analysis
SJ:
● Understands and conserves institutional values
SP:
● Flexible, open-minded
Application to the Project
Through our project, we wanted to see how
different MB types interacted with each other in a
competitive setting. We had the groups
strategically chosen by a third party so that we
could see how groups of the same, the opposite,
and a mix of types could work together and
collaborate.

11. What We Know of 5 Leadership Practices
11
From the Readings:
Model the Way
● Clarify values by finding your voice and affirming
shared values
● Set the example by aligning actions with shared values.
Inspire a Shared Vision
● Envision the future by imagining exciting and
ennobling possibilities
● Enlist others in a common vision by appealing to
shared aspirations.
Challenge the Process
● Search for opportunities by seizing the initiative and
looking outward for innovative ways to improve
● Experiment and take risks by constantly generating
small wins and learning from experience
Enable Others to Act
● Foster collaboration by building trust and facilitating
relationships.
● Strengthen others by increasing self-determination
and developing competence.
Encourage the Heart
● Recognize contributions by showing appreciation for
individual excellence.
● Celebrate the values and victories by creating a spirit
of community.
Application to the Project
Inspire a Shared Vision
● When brainstorming concepts for our project, it was
originally very difficult to find a topic that everyone was
interested in pursuing. However, through discussing what
our individual vision for the project was, we were able to
collaborate and conceptualize a project that we were all
passionate about.
Challenge the Process
● In a community where we interact with “Sproulers”
everyday, each of our teams had to be innovative in
getting the attention of our donors. We had to challenge
the standard procedure of how fundraising was done and
pursue tasks none of us had tried before
Enable Others to Act
● Teamwork and fundraising are both processes that
require “enabling others to act.” We had to develop
positive, encourage relationships with each other in order
to successfully collaborate, as well provide platforms that
would allow our donors to engage with us and the cause
we were supporting.

12. What We Know of Leading by 2 (or 3s)
12
How to be most successful within our groups of 2 or 3:
● Knowing ourselves
○ What are the strengths that you bring to the table?
○ What do you have a harder time accomplishing?
● Iceberg analogy
○ When does your Flight/Fight/Freeze response get activated?
○ Can you recognize when you have activated someone else’s FFF?
● Constructive feedback
○ Ideal positive to negative ratio 3:1
○ I feel _______, when you ________ because ….. statements
● Give the work back
○ Let others get to the route of their problem instead of “fixing” for
them

13. What We Know of Group Dynamics
13
Our Group Dynamic:
- Through interactions in case
studies moved through the forming
into storming stage
- Breaking off into our smaller
groups pushed our group into the
norming stage
- All group members had
designated roles to play
within larger group
- Had understanding of who
could exceed at what parts of
final project presentation
- Cyclical process restarted within
small groups that we broke into
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_86.htm

14. 3 The Methodology
Team Pairings and Measurement

15. Methodology
15
1) We met as a group to collaboratively determine what our project’s “vision” was.
a) We wanted to apply what we learned about Myers-Briggs types, Leading by Two, and group
dynamics in order to positively contributed to our community
2) We asked Serena (GSR) to split us into teams of the same, the opposite, and a mix of Myers-Briggs
types
3) Each team was responsible for determining a fundraising goal, setting up outside meetings, and
brainstorming fundraising methods
a) Leland and Ali decided to create a Gofundme to begin their fundraising experience. Their
focus was to target family and friends on social media.
b) Korina and Paul made personal one-on-one interactions to fundraise money from family
and friends.
c) Katie, Matt, and Mikaela created a Gofundme to advertise on social media, personally
asked close friends and family, and tabled at local events in the community (case
competition, church service, local shopping plaza)
Unique and Experiential Learning

16. The Pairing: Process and Teams
After handing over our MBTI types, we asked the GSRs to anonymously pair us up in these categories
1. The Opposites
Ali & Leland:
ESFJ, INTP
2. The Matches
Kori & Paul:
ISTJs
3. The Mix
Katie, Matt & Mikaela:
ENFJ, ENFJ, ESFJ
16

17. Group Agreements
17
We promise…
To attend and engage in every meeting
To contribute the fundraised money to the agreed upon organization: UndocuFund
To collaborate with our team by treating every individual with respect
To ensure that every voice and opinion is heard and seriously considered
To complete individuals assignments thoroughly and in a timely manner
To uphold the vision our group agreed upon and set out to achieve
To be transparent with each other and not make excuses
“Doing What You Said You’d Do” - Kouzes and Posner

18. Measurement Tools
18
1. Team Satisfaction
Would the team recommend working in the same group dynamic
again? Ideal score is 5 or “Yes, would highly recommend.”
2. Plan Variance
This accounts for differences in planning vs. execution for the teams.
Ideal score is 5 or “Our plan was followed through”
3. Talent Maximization
Were the strengths of each team member leveraged well? Ideal score is
5 or “Our team used every individual’s strengths well”
This is to track the team dynamic from a scale of 1 to 5 (1-Room for improvement, 5 - Excellent)

19. 3 The Execution
Timeline, Expectations, & Results

20. Timeline for All Teams
20
12/811/2011/1511/8 11/29
GSI assigned
members together
Partner
Pairs met in class to
decide on methodology
Check-
In
Full team met to
discuss and
compare results
Gather
Teams went on their individual
fundraising journey
Fundraise
12/1
Club leaders went to
present the results to
partner teams
Present

21. Expectations: The Opposites
Ali
21
Leland
Leadership Experience:
Security guard at a nightclub
Fundraising Experience:
Door to door selling candy
Outside Sales
Expectations:
Selling on Sproul, starting a Gofundme to fundraise
money
Worries: Selling the right goods on campus and
profiting without overpricing.
ESFJ
Senior
Sociology
Major
INTP
Senior
Math
Major
Leadership Experience:
Math Team Captain
Tutor
Fundraising Experience:
Lemonade Stands
Expectations:
Raise a modest amount of money in a very limited
amount of time.
Worries:
Very limited time frame and external time
commitments limit potential for success
Plan: Set up a Gofundme page dedicated to the fundraiser, then network to facilitate participation.
Fundraising Target: $30
Individual Timeline: Paired up to brainstorm then started a Gofundme to market on Social Media

22. Reality: The Opposites
22
Result
We established a Gofundme
for our cause and reached out
directly to our respective social
circles, with limited success.
Students are rich in empathy,
but limited in available funds.
Final Amount Raised
Insert
photo here
Complications in the Dynamic
Our distinct perspectives made
for longer deliberations, as we
took additional steps to
communicate our visions to
one another.
Measurement Tools
1. Team Satisfaction
2. Plan Variance
3. Talent Maximization
Successes in the Dynamic
Our complementary
personalities ultimately made
division of labor easy and
efficient, and allowed us to
consider a wide spectrum of
possible strategies.
$50

23. Expectations: The Matches
Kori
23
Paul
Leadership Experience:
Finance and Outreach Director for the Financial
Literacy & Economic Justice Conference
Fundraising Experience:
Has hosted collaborations with local vendors (ex.
Sharetea and U-cha) for 3 clubs and sold items on
Sproul to benefit the YWCA
Expectations:
Because my partner and I have very similar
backgrounds and are the same majors, I think we’ll
have a similar approach to fundraising
Worries:
Since we’re both ISTJs, I’m afraid we might be too
risk-averse and stop ourselves from setting a
higher goal.
ISTJ
Junior
Business
Major
ISTJ
Junior
Business
Major
Leadership Experience:
Leading A Better Shelter, a non-profit organization
Fundraising Experience:
None
Expectations:
I expect us to be able to get the project done
quickly and easily. Since we are the same Myers-
Briggs type, we have similar working styles and
goals, allowing for easy communication.
Worries:
Because we are both introverts, we may contact
the same type of people: people we are close to.
This may limit the amount we raise and outreach of
our campaign.
Plan: Peer-to-Peer Fundraising, Self-Donation
Fundraising Target: $50
Individual Timeline: Our team wants to gather the amount in 2 weeks

24. Reality: The Matches
24
Result
We contacted friends and
family that we knew were
interested in donating to
helpful causes, resulting in a
90%+ contact to donation rate.
Final Amount Raised
Complications in the Dynamic
There was one week where we
didn’t talk about the
fundraising at all and just
assumed we were both
fulfilling our responsibilities
Measurement Tools
1. Team Satisfaction
2. Plan Variance
3. Talent Maximization
Successes in the Dynamic
We raised the desired amount
in the amount of time we
expected to in a frictionless
manner
$50

25. Expectations: The Mix
25
Katie
Leadership Experience:
Chief of Staff of ASUC Office
Fundraising Experience:
Four years on local Red Cross Executive
Committee that led grassroots
fundraising efforts
Expectations:
Being in a group of different MB types
could either end very well or very
poorly, depending on how well we
distribute tasks that play to each
member’s strengths
Worries: Having different goals and
visions because we all think differently
ENFJ
Sophomore
Business
Major
Matt
ENFJ
Senior
American
Studies
Major
Leadership Experience:
Cal Baseball Team captain
Fundraising Experience:
N/A
Expectations:
I am extroverted, so I think it was
awesome for me to work with a group
in which there were also introverts.
Worries:
Working with individuals who are
different MB types.
Plan: GoFundMe page, advertise through social media, tabled at events and in community
Fundraising Target: $100
Individual Timeline: We aim to reach our target within two weeks of fundraising
Mikaela
ESFJ
Senior
Public Health
Major
Leadership Experience:
Captain of college soccer team
Co-chair of GradFood
Graduate Student Instructor
Fundraising Experience:
Mostly grant writing
Small amount of experience cold calling
alumni
Expectations:
Working with a varied group of MB
personality types will allow us to build
on each others’ strengths and fill in
each others’ areas for improvement
Worries: Plan is based on having a lot of
one-on-one conversations that can be a
big time commitment

26. Reality: The Mix
26
Result
Got out and talked to many
people that we didn’t know
through tabling at events and
in the community
Final Amount Raised
Complications in the Dynamic
Mikaela is a very middle-of-
the-line extrovert, and still has
many introverted qualities so
our approach to this project
was challenging.
Measurement Tools
1. Team Satisfaction
2. Plan Variance
3. Talent Maximization
Successes in the Dynamic
Katie and Matt’s comfort in
getting into community and
talking to others pushed us to
raise more money than we
would have taking a less active
approach
$165

27. Summarized Results
27
The Opposites The Matches The Mix
Methodology Contacted social circles Peer-to-Peer Campaign
Talking to community
members
Team Satisfaction 5 5 5
Plan Variance 4 5 4
Talent
Maximization
3 5 4
Money Raised $50 $50 $165
TOTAL $265

28. 4 The Reflection
Lessons Learned and Advice for Groups that Fundraise

29. Our Perspective
29
Ali
Before we began our group project, I was a
bit nervous and was not sure how will this
fundraising experience play out. I was not
sure how partnering with my opposite will
play out. After brainstorming with Leland, I
was able to how we could fundraise for the
greater good!
Kori
Often when people think of fundraising in at Cal,
people associate it with selling/being loud on
Sproul. As an ISTJ, I wanted to prove that there
were plenty of ways for more quiet or soft-
spoken people to contribute to the bigger
picture. It was a great time working with my
partner because we had this same motivation
Leland
From the initial exposure of hearing my
groupmates’ leadership experiences, I was
taken with our group’s dedication and
willingness to collaborate. Our group’s
candor made us well-equipped to delegate
tasks and synthesize a unified project with
layers of interest.
Paul
I chose to contact friends and family and
collect money outside of GoFundMe because
I didn’t want them to take 5%. Working with
someone with the exact same Myers-Briggs
type allowed us to focus more on the task at
hand: to raise as much money as possible for
Undocufund.

30. Our Perspective
30
Mikaela
I really enjoyed working in a mixed group of MB
types. I thought it brought out my extroverted side
to work with two other extroverts, and made me take
an approach to fundraising I would not have
otherwise initiated. Additionally, it was great to work
with two intuitives, who had a better view of the
larger picture than I did as a sensing type.
Matt
I thought it was very effective and beneficial to work
amongst individuals who were different MB types
than myself. It allowed me to look at leadership from
a much different lens, and made me more capable of
adapting in challenging situations. I am extroverted,
so I think it was awesome for me to work with a
group in which there were also introverts.
Katie
I was originally very skeptical about working in a
group of mixed MB types because I was worried that
we would all have combatting ideas about how to
fundraise. However, I was pleasantly surprised by
how well we collaborated and how we each were
able to take on tasks that played to our particular
strengths.

31. Main take away: All pairings/groups were successful in fundraising in a short time
window
● Same MB type was able to collaborate in a way that they both felt comfortable
● MB opposites were able to find a way to build on each other’s strengths, but explaining
goals/expectations was a more timely process
● Mixed MB group was able to build on each other’s strengths but also had similar approaches since
overlap within MB
● Since mixed group was a group of three, greater risk for “group think”
Did we accomplish our vision?
● In the limited amount of time we had, we believe that we got close to our vision
● Raised more money than anticipated as a group
● Shared findings with two clubs on campus and shared via LinkedIn to reach broader audience
Group Reflection
31

32. Scattered Resources
7 members split into 3 teams left 2-3 people per project.
Teams operated independently, by design. As far as fundraising, we could not access our full
collaborative potential.
Group Potential > Σ (Individual Potential)
A Grain of Salt
Only 3 groups, each corresponding to a different leadership profile, limits degree of confidence in
conclusions, but provides adequate baseline for additional study.
If Only...
To enlarge sample size, we might have developed and conducted an interview for each of the other
leadership teams to analyze emergent patterns in their group structure.
For Future Reference
We might expand the range of tasks confronted by each team, to see how teams of various MBTI
compositions meet different types of challenges.
Limitations & Possible Improvements
32

33. A balance of types yields balanced results
The opposites spent a lot of time considering possible fundraising avenues prior to initializing their
project. This is attributable to their different perspectives.
If clubs are interested in gaining insight on a wide spectrum of possibilities, we suggest that they ensure
representation of all personality types.
Similar types are efficient
The matches quickly agreed on a fundraising strategy. Theirs was one that played to their strengths. As
introverts, they elected to communicate with people already in social contact. As TJs they were both
comfortable trusting the other to perform, reducing time spent planning.
If clubs are interested in quickly completing a predetermined task, we suggest composing teams of
similar types, so that people’s efforts and intentions align.
The more you know
It is constructive to challenge the comforts of one’s type. We encourage club leaders to spend time
exploring their MBTI types, and in particular to seek opportunities to challenge their personal molds.
Our Key Takeaway for Clubs
33

34. Our Presentation to Clubs
34
Kori:
Paul and I presented the group’s findings to
all of the team. Before the 30 minute session,
we asked everyone to come prepared with
their MBTI. We talked about our experience
working as a team, then presented the
conclusion made by Leland and walked
through the different ways all types and
partnerships could efficiently contribute to a
greater goal.
As the finance director of the organization, I
am excited to set up new fundraising
challenges that test our findings even
further!
“Scaling the Project”
Testimony from Edric Zamora (Outreach Committee)
“I appreciated the presentation because as a junior transfer and an
introvert at heart, it has always been awkward for me to randomly
approach people on Sproul but knowing I have other ways to
contribute to the team effort makes me feel more engaged already.”

35. Any questions?
Thanks!