Crocodile oil.Crocosia

CROCODILE OIL
Copyright ©2017 Parichart Samakkarn All Rights Reserved.
Presented by PARICHART S. ( B.Sc. Medical Technology )
New Product Development Department
The content of this presentation has not been confirmed on the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Law yet. INTERNAL USE ONLY NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE CUSTOMER

Crocodiles [croc· o· dile]
 Scientific name: Crocodylinae
 Rank: Subfamily
 Higher classification: Crocodiles
Crocodiles are large reptiles found
in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, the
Americas and Australia. They are members
of the order Crocodilia, which also includes
caimans, gharials and alligators. There are
13 species of crocodiles, so there are many
different sizes of crocodile.
Distribution of Crocodiles
The content of this presentation has not been confirmed on the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Law yet.

 Crocodiles and dinosaurs are consanguineous. Characterized by
unique physiological functions and powerful vital force, crocodile is
the only amphibian that has been living on earth for over 230 million
years.
 In crocodile’s body, there is one substance that can optimize nucleic
acid. This substance helps energize nucleic acid, enhance body’s
resistance to diseases, stimulate enzyme and SOD, remove internal
waste, and can prolong a crocodile’s life up to 150 years old.
Interesting facts “Recently scientists discovered that crocodiles
have the strongest immune system in the world.”

Crocodile meat is a low-fat, low cholesterol and
high protein meat. It is good for your heart, lungs,
blood circulation and it is known to cure asthma
and coughing problems.
Crocodile skin is rich in pectin, which is
effective in prevention and treatment of
osteoporosis, and with the efficacy of
improving skin beauty. Also uses for fashion
products from bags to shoes, belts and other
accessories.
Crocodile bone contains a lot of calcium
and phosphorus, can be used for the
prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in
the elderly, infants for calcium deficiency,
and efficacy for improving rheumatism.
Crocodile blood
is also in demand in
many Asian markets for
its perceived medicinal
properties.
So how about Crocodile oil?
It’s has been used for years by many different
cultures as a miracle cure for different skin
conditions like, acne and pimples, burns,
wounds, sunburns, bleeding and even eczema.
As we known…

Hypothesis
 Despite the horrendous injuries that crocodiles inflict on each other, their
wounds rarely get infected, even when submerged in contaminated
muddy streams. The wounds also heal in a very short time.

CROCODILE OIL
Centuries natural remedy for skin conditions
and beauty uses

Historical uses of Crocodile fats and oils
Thailand
China
Australia
Egypt
Mexico
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
Philippines
Papua New Gini
Madagascar
South Africa
Latin America
Venezuela

Ancient Egypt
 Natural Remedy and Beauty’s secret of ancient Egypt
Crocodile oil is extracted from the fatty tissues of crocodiles and has been used
both as preventative and a treatment for a number of human ailments and
conditions for many years and across numerous cultures, including Ancient Egypt.
Furthermore, crocodile oil was used to anoint Pharaoh for his coronation.
Reference: Country Folk Medicine; Tales of Skunk oil, Sassafras Tea and other old-time Remedies
(2004) Elisabeth Janos. p. 56.

Ancient Egypt
 The Ebers Papyrus, a medical text that dates back to 1550 B.C., offers a
number of recommended cures for ancient Egyptians suffering from hair loss.
Suggestions include a mixture of fats from a hippopotamus, crocodile, tomcat,
snake and ibex; porcupine hair boiled in water and applied to the scalp for
four days; and the leg of a female greyhound sautéed in oil with the hoof of a
donkey. Apparently concerned with maintaining adequate hirsuteness, both
male and female royals in ancient Egypt were known to wear wigs and fake
beards.

Ancient China
 Historical record shows that Chinese started consuming crocodile
about 4,000 years ago since the Xia Dynasty. During the Shang
Dynasty,crocodile meat became a precious choice in royal banquet.
 The “Compendium of Materia Medica” by Li Shizhen in the Ming
Dynasty states that crocodile meat is a valuable invigorant which can
treat damp and skin blemishes. Regular consumption of crocodile
meat can strengthen the body, remove speckles and beautify skin.

Traditional Thai Medicine
Dahm-ra Oh-soht Naa-rai' ... the following
reign of King Prajadhipok Rama 7 was
traditional medicine officially allowed to be
practiced again. Rama 7 reinstated
Traditional Medicine to the kingdom
Regarding to the book , Crocodile oil was
used as an active ingredient in “Si-pueng” or
balm/ointment by mixing with beeswax , Thai
herbs and animal-by product , for use as
massage balm to relieve pain and muscle
relaxing.

Uses of Animal fats and oils in
Cosmetic Industry
Could Crocodile oil The New Coconut oil?

Uses of Animal fats and oils in Cosmetic Industry
Year 2015 CROCODILE OIL
“The new trendy skincare ingredients” with outstanding
characteristics and benefits
We have already known
 Emu oil
 Horse oil
 Lard
 Tallow
 Mink oil etc.

What is Crocodile oil?
 Crocodile oil is derived from the fat of a
crocodile. Crocodile fat is a by-product of
commercial farming and until very recently
has been discarded. The fat from the
crocodile is collected when the meat is
trimmed and prepared and there is only 600-
800g of fat available from a single crocodile.
Uses of heat extraction method with crude
fats of crocodile gives crocodile oil contains
EFAs especially Omega-3,-6,-9.
Naturally contains:
Essential Fatty Acids
 Omega -3
Decrease in the area of skin affected by the
condition and decrease cell proliferation which
cause psoriasis and skin inflammation also nourish
hair follicles
 Omega -6
Eases muscle aches and joint pain
 Omega -9
A proven skin cell regenerator , anti-wrinkle agent
 Vitamin E
A major antioxidant and healing agents
 Vitamin A
A known skin repairer and antioxidant

Hypoallergenic  Highly Penetration  Non-Comedogenic
 Comparing lipid acid profile of Human Skin VS. Crocodile Oil
It only differs with regard to the percentage of the ingredients present. Because of the similar
composition as a human skin oil, crocodile oil will rarely be allergenic when applied to
human skin and therefore will be a very well-accepted and safe product to use. Crocodile oil
have highly penetration, Non greasy and Non-comedogenic so it does not clog pores.
Reference: Characterization, toxicology and clinical effects of crocodile oil in skin products, Telanie Venter B. Pharm., M.Sc. (Pharmaceutics)

Anti-bacterial ,Anti-fungal and Anti- inflammatory skin
healing property
 Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsilla Pneumonia
Tests have also shown that the antibiotic properties found in
crocodile fat kill strains of virulent bacteria, including the
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus .
Staphylococcus aureus may cause minor skin infections,
such as folliculitis and pimples. In folliculitis, small white-
headed pimples developed.
 Anti-fungal property to Candida albicans
Crocodile oil has also proven to be effective in helping to
heal Candida imbalances. Candida albicans is a fungus
that is prevalent in the gut of humans and overgrows in
immune deficient patients as well as in patients on antibiotic
therapy. In their tests, scientists found that crocodile oil
exhibited a maximum antifungal activity of 81.7%!
 Anti-inflammatory property
Not only is it effective against infection, it also has strong
anti-inflammatory properties as well. One study conducted
by the University of Kwanzu-Natal found that crocodile oil,
when taken orally, was able to reduce the inflammation of a
mouse by 60%.

Indications
Crocodile oil can be used for more beautiful skin and treating various skin conditions
Dry and Flaky skin Dry Cracked Lips Reduce redness in the skin , Sunburns, Insect bites
and Stings , Irritations and other skin conditions
Insect bites and Stings
Eczema and Psoriasis

Studies on Crocodile oil
Determine its chemical composition and efficacy in
topical uses

 Animal fats. 4. The component acids of crocodile fat. F. D. Gunstone and W. C.
Russell
 An investigation of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of
crocodile oil. Buthelezi S et.al. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Aug 30;143(1):325-30. doi: 10.1016/j. jep.
2012.06. 040. Epub 2012 Jul 1.
 Crocodile oil enhances cutaneous burn wound healing and reduces scar
formation in rats. Li HL1 et.al Acad Emerg Med. 2012 Mar;19(3):265-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-
2712.2012.01300.x.Xiamen University, China
 Physical stability and clinical efficacy of Crocodylus niloticus oil lotion. Telanie
Ventera et.al. Rev. bras. farmacogn. vol.26 no.4 Curitiba July/Aug. 2016
Studies
on
Crocodile oil

J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Aug 30;143(1):325-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.040. Epub 2012 Jul 1.
An investigation of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of crocodile oil.
Buthelezi S1, Southway C, Govinden U, Bodenstein J, du Toit K.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
Crocodile oil has been used by traditional practitioners world-wide to treat microbial infections and
inflammatory conditions. However, the scientific rationale behind its use is not completely
understood. This study provides an updated fatty acid profile and novel scientific evidence of the
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of crocodile oil, obtained from the Nile crocodile
(Crocodylus niloticus), justifying its use by traditional healers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The fatty acid content of the oil was determined by gas chromatography and the major fatty acids
were identified. A microplate method was used to assess activity of the oil against Staphylococcus
aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The anti-inflammatory activity of the oil was
assessed by oral administration and topical application, utilising a mouse model of acute croton oil-
induced contact dermatitis.
RESULTS:
Sixteen fatty acids were identified with oleic, palmitic and linoleic acid being the major
components of the oil. The optimal activity of the oil against the bacteria and fungus was obtained
with 15% and 6% (w/v) oil respectively. No significant selectivity was observed against the bacterial
species, but Candida albicans was more susceptible. The anti-inflammatory assays showed optimal
activity at 3h after the oral administration of oil (60.8±5.5%) and at 12h after topical application
(57.5±5.9%). This suggested a short duration of action when the oil was orally administered, and a
longer duration of action when it was topically applied.
CONCLUSIONS:
Subsequent studies may be directed towards the investigation of the mechanisms of action of the
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of crocodile oil and its fatty acids

Anti-microbial Property
Fatty acid profile
Anti-inflammatory
activity
Anti-fungal
Property

Acad Emerg Med. 2012 Mar;19(3):265-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01300.x.Xiamen University,China
Crocodile oil enhances cutaneous burn wound healing and reduces
scar formation in rats.
Li HL1, Chen LP, Hu YH, Qin Y, Liang G, Xiong YX, Chen QX.
OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to evaluate the burn wound-healing efficacy of crocodile oil
from Crocodylus siamensis by employing deep second-degree burns in a Wistar rat model.
METHODS: Twenty-four rats were assigned equally into four groups using a random-number table,
and two burns were created on the dorsum of each animal except for the sham group. The three
treatment groups received with saline solution (12 burns, served as negative control), silver
sulfadiazine (12 burns, served as positive control), or crocodile oil (12 burns). Silver sulfadiazine
cream was used as standard care, and the treatments were repeated twice daily for 28 days.
After day 28 the animals were euthanized and the wounds were removed for quantitative real-
time polymerase chain reaction, histologic, and immunohistochemical study.
RESULTS: Crocodile oil accelerated the wound-healing process as indicated by a significant
decrease in wound closure time in comparison to the burn control and silver sulfadiazine treatment
groups. Histologic results showed well-organized and distributed skin structure and collagen
deposition in the animals treated with crocodile oil. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a key
cytokine promoting scarring, was also observed to play a role in the burn wound healing.
Immunohistochemical staining results showed the negative expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in the
28-days-postburn skin of crocodile oil group versus positive in the epidermis of burn controls.
Compared to the burn control group, expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNA decreased
significantly (p < 0.01) in the 28-days-postburn skin of the crocodile oil group.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that crocodile oil could enhance cutaneous burn wound
healing and reduce scar formation in rats, which might be related to TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling.

Method
N=24
N=6 Control
N=6 + saline solution
repeated 2 times/day
for 28 days
N=6 + silver
sulfadiazine repeated
2 times/day for 28 days
N=6 + Crocodile Oil
repeated
2 times/day for
28 days
Results
 Chemical Composition
 Effect of Crocodile oil on burn healing
 Effect of crocodile oil on skin structure and collagen
deposition
 Crocodile oil reduced TGF-β1and Smad3 expression in
Protein and mRNA levels
Don’t worry,
No rats die in this study!

Chemical composition
 Crocodile oil extracted from
C.siamensis was rich in
monounsaturated fatty acid
and polyunsaturated fatty
acid, and among them the
main constitutes were oleic
acid, linoleic acid, and
palmitoleic acid. Saturated
fatty acid and other unknown
compositions account for the
remainder of the oil.

Effect of Crocodile oil
on burn healing

Van Gieson’s staining in 28-days-postburn rat dorsal biopsies

Crocodile oil reduced TGF-β1and Smad3 expression in Protein and mRNA levels
Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TGF-β1
and Smad3 were negatively expressed in the
epidermis and low levels in the dermis in the
crocodile oil group versus positively expressed in the
burn control group (Figure 6).
(Figure 5). The analysis showed that
crocodile oil significantly decreased the
mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3
(p < 0.01), compared to the burn control
group.

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2016 Nov 23;14(1):62-72. doi: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.8. eCollection 2017.
EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS IN A NOVEL WOUND HEALING OINTMENT-CROCODILE OIL BURN
OINTMENT.
Li HL1,2, Deng YT1, Zhang ZR1, Fu QR1, Zheng YH1, Cao XM1, Nie J1, Fu LW1, Chen LP1, Xiong YX2, Shen DY3, Chen QX1.
BACKGROUND:
Crocodile oil and its products are used as ointments for burns and scalds in traditional medicines. A new ointment
formulation - crocodile oil burn ointment (COBO) was developed to provide more efficient wound healing activity.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the burn healing efficacy of this new formulation by employing deep
second-degree burns in a Wistar rat model. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of COBO were also
studied to provide some evidences for its further use.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The wound healing potential of this formulation was evaluated by employing a deep second-degree burn rat
model and the efficiency was comparatively assessed against a reference ointment - (1% wt/wt) silver sulfadiazine
(SSD). After 28 days, the animals were euthanized and the wounds were removed for transversal and longitudinal
histological studies. Acetic acid-induced writhing in mice was used to evaluate the analgesic activity and its anti-
inflammatory activity was observed in xylene -induced edema in mice.
RESULTS:
COBO enhanced the burn wound healing (20.5±1.3 d) as indicated by significant decrease in wound closure time
compared with the burn control (25.0±2.16 d) (P<0.01). Hair follicles played an importance role in the physiological
functions of the skin, and their growth in the wound could be revealed for the skin regeneration situation.
Histological results showed that the hair follicles were well-distributed in the post-burn skin of COBO treatment
group, and the amounts of total, active, primary and secondary hair follicles in post-burn 28-day skin of COBO
treatment groups were more than those in burn control and SSD groups. On the other hand, the analgesic and
anti-inflammatory activity of COBO were much better than those of control group, while they were very close to
those of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO).
CONCLUSIONS:
COBO accelerated wound closure, reduced inflammation, and had analgesic effects compared with SSD in
deep second degree rat burn model. These findings suggest that COBO would be a potential therapy for treating
human burns.
Abbreviations: COBO, crocodile oil burn ointment; SSD, silver sulfadiazine; MEBO, moist exposed burn ointment; TCM,
traditional Chinese medicine; CHM, Chinese herbal medicine; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

 The healing time on Wistar rat dorsal wound. Values are mean± SE of twelve burns, Values in brackets
represent statistic differences: * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.
Results:

Wound contraction in different groups.
Rat dorsal burn wound area photograph
on the 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th, 21st, 28th day after
application of different treatments: burn
control group (a-f), silver sulfadiazine
group (g-l) and crocodile oil burn
ointment group (m-r). Photographs were
taken from a representative animal of
each group. Scale bar: 1 cm. The
percentage of wound contraction in
different groups on the 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th,
21st, 28th day (s): Burn control group, Silver
sulfadiazine group, and Crocodile oil burn
ointment group. Values are mean ± SE of
twelve burns. * P < 0.05; ** P <0.01.
Results:

Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining in the
post-burn 28 day rat dorsum biopsies. Cross-
sections through the longitudinal aspect of
the scarred areas were made.
(a) Normal group,
(b) Burn control group;
(c) Silver sulfadiazine group;
(d) Crocodile oil burn ointment group. epi,
epidermis; h, hair follicle; Scale bar 200
μm; Original magnification x10.
Sacpic staining in the post-burn 28 day rat
dorsum biopsies. Embedded skin samples were
sectioned in transverse plane. (A, a) Normal
group; (B, b) Burn control group; (C, c) Silver
sulfadiazine group; (D, d) Crocodile oil burn
ointment group. Pictures (A - D) were taken at
original magnification x10, Scale bar: 200 μm;
Pictures (a - d) were taken at original
magnification x40, Scale bar: 50 μm.

Results:
Assessment of the activity and
distribution of hair follicles in the
post-burn 28 day rat dorsum
biopsies. Data were quantified
from the samples which were
stained with Sacpic. The active
follicle was stained in red. The
amounts of total follicle or active
follicle
(a), primary follicle
(b), and secondary follicle
(c) were measured respectively.
All measurements were evaluated
by taking average number of
follicles in eight high power fields
(20xobjective), midway in the
post-burn skins. Values are mean ±
SE of twelve burns. * P < 0.05; ** P <
0.01.

Rev. bras. farmacogn. vol.26 no.4 Curitiba July/Aug. 2016
Physical stability and clinical efficacy of Crocodylus niloticus oil lotion
Telanie Venter et.al. Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-
West University, Potchefstroom, South AfricabCentre for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Services, Faculty of
Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
ABSTRACT
The stability and the anti-ageing, skin hydrating and anti-erythema effects of
a commercialized Crocodylus niloticusLaurenti, 1768, Crocodylidae, oil lotion was
determined. The lotion was stored at controlled conditions over six months during
which several stability tests were performed. For the clinical efficacy studies lotion was
applied on volar forearm skin (female volunteers) and compared to a liquid paraffin-
containing reference product. Skin hydrating and anti-ageing effects were
determined with a Corneometer®, Cutometer® and Visioscan®, following single (3 h)
and multiple applications (12 weeks). The Vapometer® and Mexameter® were utilized
to determine this lotion's anti-erythema effects on sodium lauryl sulfate irritated skin.
The lotion demonstrated good stability over 6 months. The reference product
increased skin hydration and decreased skin wrinkles to a larger extent than the C.
niloticus lotion after a single application, whereas the C. niloticus lotion decreased skin
scaliness better than the reference product. During the long-term study, the reference
product overall increased skin hydration more than the C. niloticus lotion, whereas C.
niloticus lotion increased skin elasticity to a larger extent than the reference
product. C. niloticus lotion increased skin wrinkles and decreased skin scaliness over
12 weeks. Compared to non-treated, irritated skin, C. niloticus lotion demonstrated
some potential anti-inflammatory characteristics.

Current Trend Crocodile Oil Beauty Products
in the market
and Competitors

Skincare Oil
100% Pure oil, Mixed oil
• Facial Oil
• Body Oil
• Massage Oil
• After tattoo
Cream ,Lotion
• Facial cream , Body
cream
• Serum
• Toner
• Essence
• Lotion : Moisturizing ,
Healing sunburn lotion
Hand cream
• Sunscreen
Soap
• Facial soap and Body
soap for Moisturizing
and Scrub
Body Soak
Body shower
Balm
• Body Balm : Moisturizing
& Treat skin conditions
• Herbal Balm : Massage
• Lip Balm
Shampoo & Conditioner
• Hair Mask
• Shampoo
• Conditioner
Mask
• Facial Mask Sheet
Current Trends in Crocodile oil Beauty Products Market
37 Brands, 122 Formulas*
Updated on 6/2016

Survey on Crocodile oil beauty products

Survey on Crocodile oil products

The content of this presentation has not been confirmed on the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices
Law yet.

CROCOSIA ™
Siamese Crocodile oil for skin healer and
beauty uses

Crocodile oil.Crocosia

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