Contain a brief description of the type of parking with in depth discussion and its logistics on-ramps, stilt parking, and automated parking systems with a case study.

1. PARKING & TRANSPORTATION
Pankti Gajjar (16)
Manshi Parikh (17)
Nishwa Patel (18)
Sharanya Das (28)
Rajeshwari Thorat (33)
Trunika Kankaria (34)
Made by:

2. PARKING

3. Parking for 4 wheeler
Manual parking Automated Parking
IndoorOutdoor
On street
Off street
Parallel
Parking
Ramps
Layout
Single machine
fixed platform
Multiple machine
moving platform
RGC Parking
Shuttle Parking
AGV Parking
Crane Parking
Puzzle Parking
Stack Parking
Parking for 2 wheeler
Bicycle
Electric bikes
Fuel vehicles

4. • Cars are manually
manoeuvred through the
parking
• guidance for free parking slots
is given by an appointed
person or are searched by
themselves.
• Low cost (compared to
automated parking )
• Low maintenance
Manual parking

5. Ramp system
Adjacent parking
• Inter floor up and down movement are
separate but adjacent to each other.
• Requires less area per parking stall.
• Feasible for smaller land.
• Has potential for causing accidents.
• More susceptible to traffic delays
Clearway parking
• Inter floor travel with up and down aisle
movement separate.
• Feasible for small garage sites
• Provide safest movement with least delay.
• Preferred for self park design.

6. Ramp Types
Straight ramp
• Usually rectangular shaped with ramp along the
structure’s longer dimension.
• Requires less floor area
• Simple to construct
• Causes sharp turns
Curve ramp
• Single surfaces that permits vehicles to travel on
a continuous helical path between parking
levels.
• Should be clearway type
• Located near corners of rectangular structure to
minimize floor space loss
• Costly to construct

7. Ramp details
Minimum requirements
for slope
Angle of departure 10˚
Angle of approaches 15˚
Ramp width
(minimum required)
One way straight ramp 3.6 m
Two way straight ramp 6.7 m
Circular ramp 4.2 - 5.4 m

8. Types of Angle Parking

11. Parallel parking: The vehicles are parked along the length of
the road.

12. Stilt parking
The space which is not open from top, meaning thereby that it is under
the stilt or the building constructed for the flats.
It has common interest for all the flat owners
At the most only servant quarters can be build. No other commercial
activities is allowed

13. Basic grid for
parking space
5600

14. No. of stalls between columns Span between Column centres
2 5.7m
3 8.1m
4 10.5m
Based on:
• 2.4m stall width
• 0.3m clearance from edge of stall to column face
• 0.3m column width
Basement grid plan
Alternate positions of columns (2 stall width spacing with 2 aisle drive)

15. Sr.No Type Width for
parking
Length for
parking
Driving aisle
width
Two rows + aisle
width
1 Angle 90 2.75 m 6 m 7m (two way) 19 m
2 Angle 60 2.75 m 6 m 5.5m (one way) 16.5m
3 Angle 45 2.75 m 6 m 4.5m (one way) 14m
4 Angle 30 2.75 m 6 m 7m (one way) 19m
5 Parallel
Parking
3.35 m 7.5 m 5 m
According to National Building Code
Parking Area For Vehicle Minimum area required
(Per vehicle )
Car Open area 20 sq.m.
Basement 30 sq.m.
Scooter 3 sq.m.
Bicycle 1.40 sq.m.

16. Automated Parking
• Automated parking is a method of automatically parking and retrieving cars typically using a
computerised system of pallets, lifts and carriers.
• Suitable on expensive sites and where land is very limited.
• Advantages
-high space utilization
-dense parking
-no ventilation or HVAC required ;
saving utility costs
-eliminates stairs, elevators and fire
exits
-enhances safety and security
-less ground floor area required
• Disadvantages
-high cost
-operation and maintenance
-not recommended for high peak
hour volume facilities

18. Types of Automated parking system
• RGC Parking System
• Shuttle Parking System
• Silo Parking System
• AGV Parking System
• Crane Parking System

19. RGC (Rail Guided Cart) Parking System
A vehicle enters the system by being driven into a transfer cabin and parked on a platform. Then a RGC
picks up the platform and vehicle and drives it into the system for storage. As more RGCs are placed in a
system, the quantity (and associated cost) is increased. However only to the point that the number of
transfer cabins, lifts, paths and shared resources exist.

20. Shuttle Parking System
Shuttle systems utilize transfer cabins to park and retrieve vehicles from the system, autonomous robots
to move vehicles to and from elevators and parking spaces, and lifts to gain access to multiple floors or
height variances.

21. Silo Parking System
• A silo system is cylindrical in nature, similar to a grain silo. Vehicles are parked at the outer edge of the
core. The core is occupied by a lifting/rotating mechanism that accomplishes the vehicle positioning,
typically allowing only one vehicle to be manipulated at a time.
• Silo mechanisms do however allow simultaneous up/down and axial positioning, which can move the
vehicles rather quickly.

22. AGV ( Automated Guided Vehicle) Parking System
An AGV system employs robots that roll freely in any direction across solid concrete slabs (including
underneath parked cars) enabling faster retrievals and the ability to work around obstacles, thereby
increasing system redundancy.

23. Crane Parking System
A Crane parking system consists of a central lifting and positioning mechanism that is built into the center
isle of a parking structure. The rails that the crane glides on are installed at the ceiling and floor and run
down the center isle. This crane mechanism is responsible for positioning a vehicle at a selected parking
slot. Parking slots are positioned on either side of the center isle.

24. Puzzle Parking

25. Stack Parking

28. Manual parking
system
Automated parking
system
Land use 1400 sqm 1400 sqm
Total parking bays 210 cars 402 cars
Building height 23 meters 23 meters
Construction area 6696 sqm 6696 sqm
Security guard 6 persons 2 persons

30. Parking (2 wheelers)
Bicycle Fuel bikes Electric bikes
o Short term parking
o Long tem parking
o Short term parking
o Long term parking
o Re-charge options

32. Parking options for bicycle

34. Short term parking system

35. Long term Parking System
INDIVIDUAL PARKING
COLLECTIVE PARKING

36. Electric bikes
o Approximately 3 hours of charge provides 30 kms of drive
o Convenient for within city use
o The typical battery is 36V on most e-bikes with some at 24V
and some at 48V
o Parking are provided with charging points
o No provision for fuel switch over

37. Example for security system

38. TRANSPORTATION

39. • Transportation is the movement of humans, animals
and goods from one location to another.
TRANSPORT
HORIZONTALVERTICAL
ELEVATOR
STAIRCASE
ESCALATOR
PUBLIC
INTERNAL
HOUSE
PRIVATE
LOBBY
PRIVATE
INTERNAL
NETWORK
PUBLIC
BIULDINGS

40. LIFT or ELEVATOR
• An elevator or lift is a type of vertical transportation that moves people or goods
between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel, or other structure.
• TYPES OF LIFT
-Traction elevators
-Hydraulic elevators
-Electromagnetic propulsion
-Climbing elevator
-Pneumatic elevator
-Handicapped Lift
-Stair rail straight lift

41. Traction elevators
• Traction elevators are lifted by ropes,
which pass over a wheel attached to an
electric motor above the elevator shaft.
• Types of traction elevators
-Gearless traction elevators
-Gear traction elevators

42. HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS
•Hydraulic elevators are elevators which
are powered by a piston that travels
inside a cylinder. An electric motor
pumps hydraulic oil into the cylinder to
move the piston. The piston smoothly
lifts the elevator cab. Electrical valves
control the release of the oil for a gentle
descent.

43. Electromagnetic propulsion
•Electromagnetic propulsion (EMP), is the
principle of accelerating an object by the
utilization of a flowing electrical current and
magnetic fields.
•Cable-free elevator using EMP, capable of
moving both vertically and horizontally, have
been developed by German engineering
firm for use in high rise, high density
buildings.
PMLSM

44. Climbing elevator
•A climbing elevator is a self-
ascending elevator with its own
propulsion. The propulsion can be
done by an electric or a combustion
engine.
•Climbing elevators are usually used
in work and construction areas.

45. Paternoster lift
•A paternoster or paternoster lift is a
passenger elevator which consists of a chain
of open compartments (each usually
designed for two persons) that move slowly
in a loop up and down inside a building
without stopping. Passengers can step on or
off at any floor they like.

46. Future scope

47. Handicapped Lift
• A wheelchair lift, also known as a platform lift, or vertical
platform lift is a fully powered device designed to raise
a wheelchair and its occupant in order to overcome a step
or similar vertical barrier.

48. Stair Rail Straight Lift
•A stair lift is a mechanical device for lifting people up and
down stairs. For sufficiently wide stairs, a rail is mounted to the treads
of the stairs. A chair or lifting platform is attached to the rail. A person
gets onto the chair or platform and is lifted up or down the stairs by
the chair which moves along the rail.

49. Standards lift dimensions requirement
Persons Kgs Car width Car Depth Shaft
width
Shaft
depth
Entrance
4 272 1100 700 1600 1250 800
5 340 1100 850 1600 1400 800
6 408 1100 1000 1600 1550 800
8 544 1300 1100 1700 1650 800
Persons Kgs car width car depth shaft
width
shaft
depth
Entrance
15 1020 950 2400 1700 3000 800
20 1360 1300 2400 2200 3000 1200
26 1768 1600 2400 2350 3000 1200
HOSPITAL LIFT DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENT
All dimensions in mm

50. Persons Kgs Car width Car depth Shaft
width
Shaft
depth
Entrance
4 272 1100 700 1900 1300 800
6 408 1100 1000 1900 1600 800
8 544 1300 1100 1900 1900 800
10 680 1350 1300 1900 2100 800
13 884 2000 110 2500 1900 900
16 1088 2000 1300 2500 2100 1000
20 1360 2000 1550 2500 2100 1000
CIVIL DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENT
All dimensions in mm

52. STAIRCASE
•A stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or simply stairs is a construction
designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances,
called steps.
•The width of stairs depends on the traffic flow and may vary from building to building.
300 mm
150mm

53. Building Tread (minimum)
(mm)
Riser (minimum)
(mm)
Span (minimum)
(mm)
Landing width
(minimum)(mm)
Private stair 220 150 900 900
Utility stair 250 150 1800 1500
General access stair 250 150 1800 1200

54. Fire escape staircase
o Fire escape staircase shall be provided for every building of:
o -residential occupancy exceeding three storeys above ground level
o -occupancies other then residential exceeding two storeys above ground
level
o shall be only constructed in the exterior
o Should be connected to the ground directly
o stairs shall have a straight flight
o Entrance to fire escape staircase shall be separated and remote from internal
staircase
o use of spiral staircase shall be limited to low occupant load and buildings up
to 9m in height unless they are connected to platforms such as balconies and
terraces to allow easy exit.
Width of staircase 0.75m
Width of tread Not less than 15cm
Height of riser Not more than 19cm
No. of risers Not more than 16 per flight
Height of handrail Not less than 1m
Spiral staircase diameter Not less than 1.5m

55. Fire escape ladders
First Alert Portable Fire Escape LadderSaf-escape fire Escape ladder
o Available in 3 lengths and 3 hook
sizes
o 4.3m (14 ft) for two storey
buildings
o 7.0m (23 ft) for three storey
buildings
o 13.7m (45 ft) for four/five
storey buildings
o 29.2cm (11.5 inch) rung width
o Rigorously tested to withstand up
to 453.5kg (1000lbs) in weight
o Suitable for all standard windows
Available in two lengths: 14
foot (2 Storey) and 24 foot (3
Storey)
Portable - no need for
permanent fixings - hooks over
the wall below the window
Features extra-wide windowsill
hooks
Accommodate walls between 6
to 13 inches

56. Fire Escape Chute
o Chute is a sloping channel or slide for conveying things to a lower level.

58. Escalators
o An escalator is a type of vertical transportation in the form of a moving staircase which carries people between floors of a
building.
o Escalators typically rise at an angle of about 30 degrees from the ground.
o They move at 0.3–0.6 meters (1–2 ft) per second and traverse vertical distances in excess of 18 meters (60 ft).
o Most modern escalators have single-piece aluminum or stainless steel steps that move on a system of tracks in a
continuous loop

59. Standard type

60. In use
Step type escalator
• The step type escalator is the common type of escalator today. The steps are
usually metal, but very old step type escalators had wooden steps. Step type
escalators can also go up/down, flat, then up/down again. This type of escalator
is designed to be safer than other step type escalators

61. Wheelchair accessible escalator
Wheelchair accessible escalators have an attendant. If someone in a wheelchair
needs to use the escalator, the escalator will be stopped. Once the wheelchair is
on the escalator, the escalator is put in a special mode. 3 steps will level out,
forming a platform. After that, some spikes will come out of the step closest to
the lower landing of the escalator of the platform made out of 3 steps, preventing
the passenger's wheelchair from rolling off of the platform. After that, the
escalator will start moving slowly. The attendant will ride with the passenger,
possibly for safety reasons.

62. Belt type escalator

63. Spiral escalator
There is also the spiral escalator, which uses curved steps

64. Corridor
Where a long corridor is necessary,
the width is established according to
its position, whether the doors are on
one or both sides the arrangement of the
doors, and the anticipated volume of
circulation. Appropriate corridor
widths Are shown here
If possible all doors
should open into the
rooms

65. CASE STUDY

66. THE MOUNTAIN DWELLING
By Bjarke Ingles Group
Location : Orestad, Copenhagen

67. The Program: 80 apartments
480 parking spaces
8000 m2 footprint
The Challenge: Orestad is flat
Provide views and south facing glazing for all apartments
Provide parking next to the apartment
Provide a private yard Provide privacy

68. The Mountain Dwellings are the 2nd generation of the VM Houses
And a program for 2/3 parking and 1/3 living

69. So planning of the same goes as the parking area became the base
upon which are placed terrace housing.
Mixed
Programme
Two separate
building units
Height
adjustments
Optimal views

70. The apartments sets upon 10 x 10 m grid having
80 similar units one over the other
The roof garden consist of a terrace and a garden
with plants changing character according to the
changing seasons. The building has a huge watering
system which maintains the roof gardens. The only
thing that separates the apartment and the garden
is a glass façade with sliding doors to provide light
and fresh air

72. Parking
The parking garage contains parking spots for 480 cars
The parking takes place along the slopes.
These will be the first in Orestaden to have the possibility of
parking directly outside their homes.

74. Parking layout

75. 3rd floor plan

76. 10th and 11th floor plan

77. Section through apartment and decking/roof structure Each deck/garden is on top of the
apartment below There are over 40 different floor plans and each apartment is approx.
100 square meters.

78. Circulation A Swiss-manufactured,
ski lifts inclined elevator
moves along the wall of
the garage and takes to
each floor.

79. A secondary metal
staircase which
runs on the inner
side of the
perforated parking
facade.
The brightly colored and
lit interiors provide way
finding for residents and
visitors. Each floor of
apartments has parking at
that level and a
walkway to
match.

80. Facades and Materials
• On metal sheets
Six different sizes
of holes were used
to create an image
of mountains
• Wooden
planks used
on the front
side of the
building

81. Kohinoor square
Architect: Sandeep Shirke and
Associates
Site: Mumbai, India

83. • Main building
-First 5 floors used for shopping
mall
-Rest 47 floors used for
commercial offices and five star
hotel on the top 5 floors
-Helipad on top floor
• Residential building
- First 13 floors used as parking
garage for both buildings
- Remaining 19 floors as residence

84. Structure system
• The average centre to centre
distance between columns is
9.5m
• The column is of 1.8 X 1.8 m
• The tube system concept is
based on the idea that a
building can be designed to
resist lateral loads
• This assembly of columns
and beams forms a rigid
frame that amounts to a
dense and strong structural
wall along the exterior of
the building

85. Sustainable features
It is one of the first building in
India to achieve leadership in
energy and environmental
design Platinum rating for
environmental sustainability a
gold (leed) certification from
green building council
Rain water collection
Sky gardens
Daylight harvesting and dimming
controls
Black and grey water reuse
Green roof
Energy centre
Native adapted landscape
Onsite waste water treatment
Recyclable sorting and collection
Natural ventilation