Why True Science is only Open Science

Pandelis Perakakis
Pandelis PerakakisNeuroscience researcher | Co-founder and Director at Open Scholar C.I.C.
WHY TRUE SCIENCE IS ONLY OPEN SCIENCE
Dr. Pandelis Perakakis	
@ppandelis – peraka@ugr.es	
Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada	
Co-founder of Open Scholar http://www.openscholar.org.uk/	
EURODOC 2017
Why True Science is only Open Science
The brain is a scientist!
The scientific method is a fundamental
process that evolved as the optimal strategy
for the survival of the individual
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
Humanity’s collective effort to minimise
uncertainty
Open-minded scepticism
A scientist has no investment in the outcome
of the experiment
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
Scientist Academic
Open-minded Content journal editors
Sceptical No replications or negative results
Consider all data
Inaccessible articles, data, software
code
Collaborate Compete for scarce resources
No investment in the outcome p-hacking
The two open-access strategies:	
Gold and Green
GOLD GREEN
Create or convert 23,000 open-
access journals
Persuade the authors of the annual
2,500,000 articles they publish in the
existing toll-access journal to also
self-archive them in their institutional
open-access archives
Find funding support for open-access
publication costs
Persuade the authors of the annual
2,500,000 articles to publish in new
open-access journals instead of the
existing toll-access journals
Whatever one may think about the relative merits of Green and Gold OA (a matter that my colleagues on
the Kitchen and myself have discussed numerous times) or the economic implications of embargoes of
various lengths, what is clear is that Green OA has no promise of delivering augmented revenues to the
publisher, but Gold OA opens up a new customer, the author him or herself, who in many instances pays
for the article to be OA.  Gold OA, in other words, represents a business opportunity, whereas Green OA
represents a business problem.
Thus we have the emergence of a relatively new market, where publishers fight to collect fees from this new
class of customers:  authors.  How to compete is another matter.  Most traditional publishers rely on the
strength of their brands to bring the articles in.  This is most obvious in cascading peer review, where the
established publication represents the wide end of the marketing funnel and the Gold OA venues sit at the
narrow end.  (It’s worth remembering that this model works for purely toll-access publications as well, as
the enormous success of Nature’s line-extension proves.)  Other publishers focus on metrics of different
kinds and boast of their Web-friendly tools for submission, discovery, and dissemination.  As one would
expect, wherever there is competition, the matter of pricing comes up.  And here the established publisher
may have a problem.
Richard Smith, former British Medical Journal editor
May 28, 2015
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
85 per cent of preclinical studies could not be replicated
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
Why True Science is only Open Science
http://www.sjscience.org
Why True Science is only Open Science
openscholar.org.uk
peraka@ugr.es
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Why True Science is only Open Science

  • 1. WHY TRUE SCIENCE IS ONLY OPEN SCIENCE Dr. Pandelis Perakakis @ppandelis – peraka@ugr.es Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada Co-founder of Open Scholar http://www.openscholar.org.uk/ EURODOC 2017
  • 3. The brain is a scientist!
  • 4. The scientific method is a fundamental process that evolved as the optimal strategy for the survival of the individual
  • 7. Humanity’s collective effort to minimise uncertainty
  • 9. A scientist has no investment in the outcome of the experiment
  • 14. Scientist Academic Open-minded Content journal editors Sceptical No replications or negative results Consider all data Inaccessible articles, data, software code Collaborate Compete for scarce resources No investment in the outcome p-hacking
  • 15. The two open-access strategies: Gold and Green GOLD GREEN Create or convert 23,000 open- access journals Persuade the authors of the annual 2,500,000 articles they publish in the existing toll-access journal to also self-archive them in their institutional open-access archives Find funding support for open-access publication costs Persuade the authors of the annual 2,500,000 articles to publish in new open-access journals instead of the existing toll-access journals
  • 16. Whatever one may think about the relative merits of Green and Gold OA (a matter that my colleagues on the Kitchen and myself have discussed numerous times) or the economic implications of embargoes of various lengths, what is clear is that Green OA has no promise of delivering augmented revenues to the publisher, but Gold OA opens up a new customer, the author him or herself, who in many instances pays for the article to be OA.  Gold OA, in other words, represents a business opportunity, whereas Green OA represents a business problem. Thus we have the emergence of a relatively new market, where publishers fight to collect fees from this new class of customers:  authors.  How to compete is another matter.  Most traditional publishers rely on the strength of their brands to bring the articles in.  This is most obvious in cascading peer review, where the established publication represents the wide end of the marketing funnel and the Gold OA venues sit at the narrow end.  (It’s worth remembering that this model works for purely toll-access publications as well, as the enormous success of Nature’s line-extension proves.)  Other publishers focus on metrics of different kinds and boast of their Web-friendly tools for submission, discovery, and dissemination.  As one would expect, wherever there is competition, the matter of pricing comes up.  And here the established publisher may have a problem.
  • 17. Richard Smith, former British Medical Journal editor May 28, 2015
  • 22. 85 per cent of preclinical studies could not be replicated