Handwritten Document Examination

1. HANDWRITTEN DOCUMENT
EXAMINATION
Session-3

2. WHAT IS HANDWRITING ?
 Handwriting is a neuromuscular process that
originates in the brain. Some researchers have
called it brain writing. For litigation purposes it
is important to know whether the normal
process has in any way been impeded either
through the use of medication or drugs, or
through illness or extreme old age.

3. In the legal sense, as it applies to civil and
criminal litigation, handwriting identification
seeks to establish the identity or non-identity
of a writer.
One handwriting should exhibit significantly
different writing habits and letter designs
(allograph) from another.

5. FORGERY
Forgery is the making of a false document or part of a
document dishonestly or fraudulently to support any
claim or title and a person is said to make a false
document.
1. who dishonestly makes a signs or executes a
document or part of a document.
2. Who without lawful authority, dishonestly or
fraudulently, by cancellation or otherwise, alters a
document in an material part.

6. TYPES OF FORGERY
For the purposes of the subject of identification of
handwriting forgeries may be classified as
following-
1. FREEHAND or SIMULATED FORGERY
2. TRACED FORGERY
3. FORGERY BY MEMORY
4. FORGERY BY IMPERSONATION
5. FORGERY OVER A GENUINE SIGNATURE.
6. FORGERY BY TRANSPLANTING A GENUINE
SIGNATURE
7. FORGERY OF RUBBER SEALS OR STAMPS.

7. FREEHAND OR SIMULATED FORGERY
Freehand Or Simulated Forgery is merely an
imitation or a copy of a genuine writing or
signature and is also known as “imitation” or
“copying” forgery.
In this type of forgery, the forger keeps the model
before him and tries to copy or imitate the
apparent broad features of the writing as best
as he can according to his power of
observation, ability and skill.

8. IDENTIFICATION OF FREEHAND FORGERY
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DISPUTED
ADMITTED

9. TRACED FORGERY
A traced forgery is one in which an attempt
is made to reproduce the exact outlines of the
model by some Tracing Process. A forgery thus
committed necessarily bears a close resemblance
to the model, especially in the general forms of
the letters.
Traced forgery shows-
1. Exact Replica
2. Mathematical similarities
3. Line quality is defective
4. Close resemblance with model

10. TRACED FORGERIES IDENTIFICATION
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11. METHODS OF TRACING
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Tracing can be made in various ways and the
methods are generally employed in making
traced forgeries.
Such forgeries are of
1. Tracing by Glass Plate and Torch
2. Tracing by Carbon Paper
3. Tracing by pointed pen and torch
4. Tracing by making Pencils outlines.

12. 1. TRACING BY GLASS PLATE AND TORCH

13. 2. TRACING BY MAKING PENCILS OUTLINES.
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14. 3.TRACING BY POINTED PEN AND TORCH
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15. 4. TRACING BY CARBON PAPER

16. FORGERY BY MEMORY
Forgery by memory is very much akin to freehand
forgery. The forger in such cases mostly depends
upon his mental impressions of the forms of the
letters of the letters of the intended writer's signature
and does not usually have a model before him.
As a matter of fact, no two opposite writing habits co-
exits in the hand writing of one and the same
individual and any divergence therein is a conclusive
proof of the forged nature of the writing.

17. FORGERY BY IMPERSONATION
Forgery by impersonation refers to a writing or a
signature made by a person representing himself to be
another person to whom the writing or the signature
may either be made bonafide by the person. such type
are also called as allographic signatures or writings.
This type of forgery are done by the person who is
impersonated to gain some pecuniary advantage

18. FORGERY OVER A GENUINE SIGNATURE.
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This type of forgery is commonly practices in India to
sign on blank sheets and entrust them to their
trusted clerks, attorneys or others in whom
harmful, for the there have been several instances
where the confidence has been betrayed and such
papers have been made use of dishonestly for
making an agreement. Promissory note, receipt,
will etc.

19. DISGUISED HANDWRITING OR SIGNATURE
19
ADMITTED
DISPUTED