This seminar report discusses the design and components of space activity suits. It describes how spacesuits protect astronauts from hazards in space such as lack of oxygen and extreme temperatures. The report outlines the key requirements for spacesuit design including pressure regulation, mobility, and communication systems. It provides details on the various parts of a spacesuit and lists models from different space agencies. Emerging technologies that could improve spacesuit design are also mentioned. The report concludes that spacesuits are essential personal spacecraft that allow astronauts to survive and work outside a vehicle in the hostile environment of space.

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA-590018
An Seminar Report On
“space activity suit”
Submitted by
Praveen Kumar M
(4SH17AE040)
Bachelor Of Engineering In Aeronautical Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
SHREE DEVI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KENJAR, MANGALORE-574142, KARNATAKA
2020-2021

2. Space Activity Suit
Presented By:-
Praveen Kumar M
(4SH17AE040)

3. CONTENTS
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 REQUIREMENTS
 DESIGN CONCEPT
 PARTS OF A SPACE SUIT
 LIST OF SPACE SUIT MODELS
 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

4. ABSTRACT
 A spacesuit is more than clothes astronauts wear in space. The suit is really a small spacecraft. It protects the
astronaut from the dangers of being outside in space.
 Spacesuits help astronauts in many ways. The suits protect astronauts from getting too hot or cold.
 Spacesuits also give astronauts oxygen to breathe while they are working in space. The suits hold water to drink.
 They also keep astronauts from getting hurt by space dust. Space dust may not sound very danger-ous. But when it
moves faster than a bullet, the dust can hurt someone.
 The suits even have special gold-lined visors to protect eyes from bright sunlight.
 This report include about the need for space suit, how it is helpful to astronaut, list of space suit, evolution of space
suit.
 This report also include about various components or parts used for preparation of space suit and what kind of
materials are used for the same along with its purpose.

5. INTRODUCTION
What Is a Spacesuit?
A spacesuit is more than clothes astronauts wear in space. The suit is really a small spacecraft. It protects the astronaut
from the dangers of being outside in space. Spacesuits are much more than a set of clothes astronauts wear. However,
like a set of clothes, different suits serve different purposes. Space exploration usually includes three different kinds of
spacesuits, which protect astronauts from the dangers of their mission.
 IVA (Intravehicular Activity) Suit
 EVA (Extra-Vehicular Activity) Suit
 IEVA (Intra/Extravehicular Activity) Suit

6. Fig- 01 IVA (Intravehicular Activity) Suit Fig- 02 EVA (Extra-Vehicular Activity) Suit
Fig- 03 IEVA (Intra/Extravehicular Activity) Suit

7. Need of A Space Suit
 You will become unconscious within 15 seconds because there is no oxygen.
 Your blood and body fluids will boil and then freeze because there is little or no air pressure.
 Your skin, heart, and other internal organs will expand because of the boiling fluids.
 You will be exposed to extreme changes in temperature: 248°F (120°C) in the sunlight and -148°F (-100°C) in the
shade.
 You will be exposed to various types of radiation such as solar wind (charged particles emitted from the sun) and
cosmic rays.
 Inside the spacecraft the atmosphere can be controlled so that special clothing is not needed.
 There is no atmospheric pressure and oxygen in space to sustain life so to explore and work in space human beings
must take their environment with them.

8. A SPACE SUIT PROVIDES
 Supply oxygen
 Protection of the body from bombardment from micrometeoroids
 Insulates the wearer from the temperature extremes of space
 Removes heat and moisture generated by sweat
 Protects the body from space radiation
 Be airtight and resistant to external influences
 It allows as much unrestricted movement as possible
 Allows for communication in airless space
 The radio communication gear allows the astronauts to keep in touch with each other and with the astronauts inside
the space station
 It also has a very sensitive alarm system in case a call for help is needed

9. REQUIREMENTS
A space suit must perform several functions to allow its occupant to work safely and comfortably, inside or outside a
spacecraft. It must provide:
 A stable internal pressure.
 Mobility.
 Supply of breathable oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide.
 Temperature regulation.
 A communication system.
 Maximum Absorbency Garment.

10. Secondary requirements
Additional requirements for EVA include:
 Shielding against ultraviolet radiation
 Limited shielding against particle radiation
 Means to maneuver, dock, release, and/or tether onto a spacecraft
 Protection against small micrometeoroids
 Materials with reduced dust retention
 Snoopy caps
 Operating pressure
 Physical effects of unprotected space exposure
 Raw Materials: Space suit is made up of Nylon tricot, Spandex, Urethane-coated Nylon, Dacron, Neoprene-coated
Nylon, Mylar, Gortex, Kevlar, Nomex.

11. DESIGN CONCEPT
 Minimize The Change In Volume
 Layers of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU): The modern space suit is composed of 14 different layers of
material which all contribute in their own way to the survival of the astronaut.
 The Liquid Cooling Ventilation Garment
 The Bladder Layer
 The Ripstop Layer
 Layers of Mylar Insulation
 The Final Layers of a Space Suit

12. Fig- 04 A Layer-By-Layer Illustration of All The Components of A Space Suit

13. There are four main conceptual approaches to suit design
1. Soft suits 2. Hard-shell suits 3. Hybrid suits 4. Skintight suits
Fig- 05 Soft Suit Fig- 06 Hard-Shell Suit Fig- 07 Hybrid Suit Fig- 08 Skintight Suit

14. PARTS OF A SPACE SUIT
1. Primary Life Support Subsystem: The PLSS is worn like a backpack.
Fig- 09 Primary Life Support Subsystem

15. 2. Upper Torso: The top of the spacesuit includes the Hard Upper Torso and the arm assembly.
Fig- 10 Upper Torso
3. Hard Upper Torso: The HUT covers the chest and back.
Fig- 11 Hard Upper Torso

16. 4. Arms: Spacewalkers do not wear custom-made suits. Different sizes of arm assembly parts are available. Sizing rings can
make the parts longer or shorter.
Fig- 13 Arms
5. Displays and Control Module: This module is the control panel for the mini-spacecraft.
Fig- 14 Displays And Control Module

17. 6. In-Suit Drink Bag: A plastic, water-filled pouch attaches to the inside of the Hard Upper Torso using Velcro.
Fig- 15 In-Suit Drink Bag
7. Lower Torso Assembly: This section is made up of spacesuit pants, boots and the lower half of the waist closure.
Fig- 16 Lower Torso

18. 8. Helmet: The helmet on spacesuits built for spacewalks serves as a pressure bubble and is made of strong plastic to keep the
pressure of the suit contained.
Fig- 17 Helmet
9. Communications Carrier Assembly: The astronaut wears the cap under the helmet. It has earphones and microphones.
Fig- 18 Communications Carrier Assembly

19. 10. Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment: The first piece of a spacesuit that astronauts put on is a special cooling
garment made of a stretchy spandex material and water tubes.
Fig- 19 Cooling Garment
11. Maximum Absorption Garment: Because spacewalks typically last more than six hours without a break, spacewalkers
wear adult-sized diapers with extra absorption material under their spacesuits.
Fig- 20 Maximum Absorption Garment

20. 12. Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue: SAFER is like a life jacket. Spacewalkers working on the space station wear SAFER.
Fig- 21 SAFER
13. Wrist Mirror: A spacewalker cannot see the front of the Displays and Control Module while wearing the spacesuit. To
see the controls, astronauts wear a wrist mirror on the sleeve.
Fig- 22 Wrist Mirror

21. 14. Layers: The spacesuit arm has 14 layers of material to protect the spacewalker.
Fig- 23 Layers

22. 15. Cuff Checklist: On their wrists, astronauts wear a short checklist of the tasks they will do during the spacewalk.
16. Safety Tethers: One end of these straps is attached to the spacewalker. The other end is connected to the vehicle.
The safety tethers keep the astronauts from drifting away into space.
Fig- 24 Cuff Checklist
Fig- 25 Safety tethers

23. Fig- 26 Space Activity Suit

24. LIST OF SPACE SUIT MODELS
1. Soviet and Russian suit models
Fig- 27 SK-1 space
suit
Fig- 28 Berkut space
suit
Fig-29 Yastreb
space suit
Fig- 30 Krechet space
suit

25. Fig- 31 Strizh space
suit
Fig- 32 Sokol-KV2 space
suit
Fig- 33 Orlan-MK space
suit

26. 2. United States suit models
Fig- 34
Mercury suit
Fig- 35 Gemini
G4C suit
Fig- 36 MH-7
space suit
Fig- 37 Apollo
Block I A1C suit
Fig- 38
Apollo/Skylab
space suit

27. Fig- 39 Shuttle Ejection
Escape Suit
Fig- 40 Shuttle
Flight Suit
Fig- 41 Launch
Entry Suit
Fig- 42 Advance Crew
Escape Suit
Fig- 43 Extravehicular
Mobility Unit

28. 3. SpaceX suit ("Star man suit")
Fig- 44 Starman Suit

29. 4. Chinese suit models
Fig- 45 Shenzhou Intra-
Vehicular Activity space suit
Fig- 46 Feitian space
suit

30. 5. India Suit Model
Russian research and development enterprise ‘Zvezda’ has started manufacturing of space suits for the
Indian astronauts, who are likely to be part of India’s first manned space mission ‘Gaganyaan’
Fig- 47 India Space Suit

31. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
 Additive manufacturing
 Aouda-X
 Astronaut Glove Challenge
 Bio-Suit
 Constellation Space Suit system
 I-Suit
 Mark III
 Suitports
 Z-1 Series Suit
 Future Spacesuits
Fig- 52 Z-1 Series Suit
Fig- 48 Aouda-X Fig- 49 I-Suit Fig- 50 Mark III
Fig- 51 Suitports

32. CONCLUSION
 The spacesuit used on space shuttle and International Space Station missions is like a personal spacecraft.
 The spacesuit provides protection and a means for survival for the astronaut.
 Like a small spacecraft, the spacesuit allows astronauts to work outside of their space vehicles.
 Working outside of a spacecraft while in space is called an extravehicular activity, an EVA or a spacewalk.
 Sometimes the purpose of a spacewalk is to fix something that is broken.
 Some spacewalks may last as long as eight hours.
 Like a spacecraft, a spacesuit protects an astronaut from the dangers of space. The spacesuit completely covers a
spacewalker's body. The pieces of the suit interlock so that none of the spacewalker's skin is exposed to space.

33.  Without spacewalks, much of the work that needs to be done in space would not be accomplished.
 And a spacewalk would be impossible without the protection of a spacesuit.
 Astronauts usually use tethers to keep them attached to the spacecraft while on a spacewalk.
 A spacesuit weighs approximately 280(130kg approximately) pounds on the ground - without the astronaut in it. In
the microgravity environment of space, a spacesuit weighs nothing.
 The reason that spacesuits are white is because white reflects heat in space the same as it does here on Earth.
Temperatures in direct sunlight in space can be more than 275 degrees Fahrenheit.
 No difference exists in a male's or female's suit, though the female astronaut usually requires a smaller size.
 Putting a spacesuit on is called "donning" the suit. Removing the suit is called "doffing."

34. REFERENCES
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_suit
 https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/spacesuits/home/clickable_suit_nf.html#Layers
 https://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/spacesuits/facts/index.html
 https://www.space.com/spacex-spacesuits-five-star-astronaut-review.html
 http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Spacesuit.html
 https://www.nasa.gov/feature/spacewalk-spacesuit-basics
 https://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-past-and-future-space-suit
 https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=12007#:~:text=The%20modern%20space%20suit%20is,the%20survival%2
0of%20the%20astronaut.&text=The%20three%20innermost%20layers%20make,stays%20snug%20to%20the%20body

35. Thank you!