Current Issues & Problems in ELT in a Bilingual System

1. Prepared by: Ms. Donna Jane E. Carin

2. The use of two or more languages
as mediums of instruction for
‘content’ subjects suchas science
or history.
Educators usually teach students
in their native language in
conjunction with a second
language.

3. 1. Transitional
Bilingualism
2. Monoliterate
Bilingualism
3. Partial Bilingualism
4. Full Bilingualism

4.  make used of students’ native language
to “adjust to school” or “master subject
matter” until their skill in English is
developed to the point that it alone can
be used as the “medium of instruction”
 fluency and literacy for both languages
with opportunity throughout the
curriculum for the continued improved
mastery of each is NOT THE GOAL

5. The GOAL is "increasing overall
achievement of students by using both
native language and English as media
of instruction in the primary grades
Transitional bilingual education
involves no more than three year-
education in a child's native language
to ensure that students do not fall
behind in content areas like math,
science, and social studies while they
are learning English.

6.  The goal of this program is the
development in both languages for
aural-oral skills, but do not concern
themselves with literacy skills in the
mother tongue.
But emphasize developing fluency in
mother tongue as link between home
and school.

7. The program is designed for pre-
school children and their parents, and
would focus on language, particularly
reading readiness activities.
 The focus of the program would be on
ultimately developing literacy in
English.

8. This kind of program seeks fluency and
literacy in both languages.
 But literacy in the mother tongue is
restricted to certain subject matter, most
generally that related to the ethnic group
and its cultural heritage.
 With this, reading and writing skills in the
mother tongue are commonly developed in
relation to the social sciences, literature and
the arts, BUT NOT IN SCIENCE AND
MATHEMATICS.

9. This kind of program is clearly one of
language maintenance coupled with a
certain effort at culture maintenance.

10. In this kind of program, students are to
develop all skills in both languages in all
domains.
Typically, both languages are used as
media of instruction for all subjects
(except in teaching the languages
themselves).
Clearly this program is directed at
language maintenance and development
of the minority language.

11.  http://www.ncela.us/rcd/bibliography/BE001433
 www.cie.org.uk/images/271190-bilingual-learners-and-
bilingual-education.pdf
 http://www.educationcorner.com/k12-bilingual-education.html
 https://definitions.uslegal.com/t/transitional-bilingual-
education/
 files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED040404.pdf

12. Thank You For
Listening
END