Meaning of research Definitions of research Objectives of research Criteria For good research Classification of research Based on intent: Pure Research Applied Research Exploratory Research Descriptive Research Diagnostic Research Evaluation Research Action Research Based on Methods: Experimental Research Analytical Research Historical Research Survey Research

1. Introduction
Research Methods
Session: 01
Usman Nasir

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Contents
Meaning of research
Definitions of research
Objectives of research
Criteria For good
research
Classification of
research
A. Based on intent
B. Based on Methods
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Meaning
The systematic investigation into and
study of materials and sources in order to
establish facts and reach new
conclusions.
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4. a
Defi…
•“A movement, a movement from the known to the
unknown. It is an effort to discover something”
•“A research is a on effort to know more and more about
less and less”
•“Any organized enquiry discussed and carried out to
provide information for solving a problem”

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AccordingtoCLIFFORDWOODY
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“Research comprises,
defining and redefining problems, formulating
hypothesis or suggested solutions;
collecting organizing and evaluating data;
making deductions and reaching conclusions;
and at as carefully testing the conclusions to
determine whether they fit the formulating a
hypothesis”

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OBJECTIVES OFRESEARCH
Research is a conscious approach to
find out the truth, which is hidden,
and which has not been discovered by
applying scientific procedure 1
1.It develop focus
2.It reveals characteristics
3.It test hypothesis
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•Research is half complete when objective or purposes of it are clearly spelt out.
•It is necessary that every step followed in the process of research is explained
fully.
•The research design adopted for the study should be clear and match with
objectives.
•The research should be honest in reporting the facts and revealing the flaws in
the work.
•Every research work should be based on carefully selected analytical tools.
•The research work is incomplete without acknowledging the various data (or)
facts.
•Limitations should be frankly revealed
Criteria of Good Research (characteristics)

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Base on Intents
1. Pure Research
2. Applied Research
3. Exploratory Research
4. Descriptive Research
5. Diagnostic Research
6. Evaluation Research
7. Action Research
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CLASSIFICATION OFRESEARCH
Base on Methods
1. Experimental Research
2. Analytical Research
3. Historical Research
4. Survey Research

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BaseonIntents
1) Pure Research
A type of scientific research with the aim of improving scientific
theories for better understanding and prediction of natural or other
phenomena.
2) Applied Research
Applied research is a methodology used to solve a specific, practical
issue affecting an individual or group.
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BaseonIntents
3) Exploratory research
Exploratory research is a methodology approach that explores
research questions that have not previously been studied in depth.
4) Descriptive research
Descriptive research is a type of research that is used to describe the
characteristics of a population.
5) Diagnostic research
Diagnostic research is one of the research designs types that aims
to examine the underlying cause of a certain situation or
phenomenon.
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BaseonIntents
6) Evaluation research
Evaluation research is defined as a form of disciplined and
systematic inquiry that is carried out to arrive at an assessment or
appraisal of an object, program, practice, activity, or system with
the purpose of providing information that will be of use in decision
making.
7) Action research
Action research is a process for improving educational practice. Its
methods involve action, evaluation, and reflection.
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BasedonMethods
1) Experimental research
Experimental research is a study that strictly adheres to a scientific
research design. It includes a hypothesis, a variable that can be
manipulated by the researcher, and variables that can be measured,
calculated, and compared.
2) Analytical research
Analytical research is a specific type of research that involves critical
thinking skills and. the evaluation of facts and information relative
to the research being conducted.
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Based on methods
3) Historical research
Historical research studies the meaning of past events in an attempt
to interpret the facts and explain the cause of events, and their
effect in the present events.
4) Survey research
Survey research is simply a systematic investigation conducted via a
survey. In other words, it is a type of research carried out by
administering surveys to respondents.
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14. Thank You
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Usman Nasir
+923086229395
usmannasir041@gmail.com