Data Analysis
Research Report Assessment
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Notes on the Assessment
Covers Topics 1 – 10 i.e. descriptive statistics to Multiple Regression
Assignment is based around the international student recruitment industry looking specifically at students interested in postgraduate studies in USA
All 500 observations on spreadsheet are for international students
Variables are all related to factors which affect chance of being admitted and your job is to analyse this so that the company (GES) can advise future students about what to do and what their chances are of being admitted.
Report is split so that in each section you look at different aspects
You will need to do a summary incorporating elements of all of the parts to make recommendations.
Marks reflect (generally) the amount of work you need to do.
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
What am I looking for?
Can you select the correct technique / analysis to solve the question
Is that technique correctly and FULLY applied with calculations done correctly
E.g. in a hypothesis test, did you:
Correctly identify the test statistic (Z, T, F, χ2)
Did you include accurate hypotheses and decision rule which are consistent with each other
Were the calculations correct
Did you check to see if the assumptions or conditions of the test held
OR for Descriptive Statistics did you:
Consider all aspects of how you describe data and use the appropriate statistics to do that
Choose correct graph(s) for the type of data
Summarise the results to actually describe what you found – not just quote the stats.
Can you interpret the results – not just make a decision or complete a calculation.
Can you express the result in terms of the question and in a way which is understandable to your audience
In other words you will not get full marks unless you can correctly select the right approach to take for the data given, accurately and fully apply that analysis in a way which logically leads to a conclusion, make the conclusion in terms of the problem presented and then communicate that solution concisely and clearly
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Examples from THA 4
H0: ≤ 700
H1: > 700
What is wrong with this?
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Include title of analysis – t-Test: Two Sample Assuming Unequal Variances
5
Examples from THA 4
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Look at t stat – all wrong – copied from somewhere – multiple students all getting it wrong
P and t test – do one
Used population terminology not sample
P-value – what is it?
6
Hypothesis Test
State the Hypotheses in terms of the parameter (µ,σ,p)
Identify the correct probability distribution (t, z, F, χ2)
Identify level of significance
State decision rule clearly
Use either test statistic method (i.e. in terms of t or z etc) or in terms of p-value. Don’t need to do both.
Decision rule must be consistent wit ...
1. Data Analysis
Research Report Assessment
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Notes on the Assessment
Covers Topics 1 – 10 i.e. descriptive statistics to Multiple
Regression
Assignment is based around the international student
recruitment industry looking specifically at students interested
in postgraduate studies in USA
All 500 observations on spreadsheet are for international
students
Variables are all related to factors which affect chance of being
admitted and your job is to analyse this so that the company
(GES) can advise future students about what to do and what
their chances are of being admitted.
Report is split so that in each section you look at different
aspects
You will need to do a summary incorporating elements of all of
the parts to make recommendations.
Marks reflect (generally) the amount of work you need to do.
2. BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
What am I looking for?
Can you select the correct technique / analysis to solve the
question
Is that technique correctly and FULLY applied with calculations
done correctly
E.g. in a hypothesis test, did you:
Correctly identify the test statistic (Z, T, F, χ2)
Did you include accurate hypotheses and decision rule which
are consistent with each other
Were the calculations correct
Did you check to see if the assumptions or conditions of the test
held
OR for Descriptive Statistics did you:
Consider all aspects of how you describe data and use the
appropriate statistics to do that
Choose correct graph(s) for the type of data
Summarise the results to actually describe what you found – not
just quote the stats.
Can you interpret the results – not just make a decision or
complete a calculation.
Can you express the result in terms of the question and in a way
which is understandable to your audience
In other words you will not get full marks unless you can
correctly select the right approach to take for the data given,
3. accurately and fully apply that analysis in a way which logically
leads to a conclusion, make the conclusion in terms of the
problem presented and then communicate that solution
concisely and clearly
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Examples from THA 4
H0: ≤ 700
H1: > 700
What is wrong with this?
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Include title of analysis – t-Test: Two Sample Assuming
Unequal Variances
5
Examples from THA 4
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Look at t stat – all wrong – copied from somewhere – multiple
students all getting it wrong
P and t test – do one
Used population terminology not sample
4. P-value – what is it?
6
Hypothesis Test
State the Hypotheses in terms of the parameter (µ,σ,p)
Identify the correct probability distribution (t, z, F, χ2)
Identify level of significance
State decision rule clearly
Use either test statistic method (i.e. in terms of t or z etc) or in
terms of p-value. Don’t need to do both.
Decision rule must be consistent with hypotheses
Do calculations
Use either Excel to get solutions where available
Do the calculations to get test statistics e.g. tcalc or zcalc
Make the decision in terms of the question
Check if the conditions of the analysis hold – i.e. did you do a
valid test
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Regression
Conduct a regression analysis to determine which factors affect
a students chance of admission. In undertaking the analysis do
this in three steps:
Regress all variables and conduct all tests necessary to
determine which variables should be included in an optimal
model.
Re-estimate your chosen model from a. Interpret all necessary
statistics and conduct all necessary tests.
State your estimated equation and interpret the coefficient of
the first and last variable you have included. Use the estimated
equation to predict the chance of admission for a Male student
from Brazil with a CGPA of 8.5, a TOEFL of 110, a GRE of
320, no letter of recommendation, an interview score of 15 and
5. who came from a mid rated (level 3) university which did not
require a research project.
(20 Marks)
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Regression Process
Consider the explanatory variables to determine which are
likely to affect the dependent variable of interest. This can be
done by:
Considering the theoretical logic of whether a variable is
sensible
Graphing X against Y to see if they are related linearly
Looking at the correlation matrix (multiple regression)
State the model to be estimated including expectations
What is Y, what is X1, X2 etc and what would you expect to be
the direction of the relationship
Determine the strength of the relationship
Test separately the overall significance of the model and each
of the individual variables included
State and test the assumptions of the model
Clearly articulate which variables are useful or not, and why
and then redefine the model using those you believe should be
included.
Compare results of new model to old by redoing all previous
steps 2 - 6.
Once final model is determined you can state and interpret
estimated equation and use it to predict (if required).
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
6. Analysis and Summary Report
Last Semester
Write a brief report to management describing what you have
found in non-technical language. The report can be no longer
than 250 words. Include any recommendation you would like to
make about income determination and hiring practices.
Student 1 – Weak Answer
It was determined that GPA is of clear importance as it has an
undeniable importance in the determination of income for new
and existing employees.
Gender presents an issue as a current social issue is to ensure
equal pay for all genders. Our analysis has indicated that the
male staff are earning an extra $2000. This is an issue as it
doesn’t present the equal pay requirement.
Additionally, it was found that as your staff’s age increases,
their salary increases at approximately $770 per year.
Furthermore, this is in line with the generally accepted
increases in wages as per general wages awards. (Note this
student concluded in an earlier question that age was not an
important factor!)
Student 2 – Stronger Answer.
There was insufficient evidence to conclude that there is any
difference in the performance on the company test between
males and females. However, there is evidence to show that
despite males not seeming to outperform females, they are paid
significantly more (just over $5000). (All statements are
consistent with earlier analyses)
What I was looking for
In terms of remuneration there is evidence that males are being
paid more than their female counterparts possibly even more
than $5000 on average. Other tests have indicated there is no
difference in performance between the genders in terms of
7. results on the test and job performance. While other tests have
shown that job performance (Test scores), higher degrees and
age all effect income (as expected), given there is no difference
in job performance this is an area of inequality which needs to
be addressed. It does not seem to be a recruitment issue with
equal numbers of males and females employed, so it is a
remuneration issue.
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Hints
Check for consistency. If you do something in regression that
overlaps with something you did earlier are the results the same.
IF not, does that represent an issue?
If we can’t see how or why you have done something, then we
don’t know if you are thinking correctly. Even if you use Excel
just show the output or briefly describe what you did.
You have weeks to do this assessment so presentation shoul d be
professional and terminology accurate.
This is not a small assessment – it will take time. Don’t leave it
until the last weekend.
Use consultation this week and next to ask questions. We won’t
answer specific questions on the research report, but you can be
clever in how you ask questions which might lead us to give
appropriate direction.
A great deal of the work done on the research report will be
repeated in the exam. This is a good chance to practice for the
major assessment item.
8. BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
BSB123 Data Analysis
Criteria Grade 7 6 5 4 <4 Weight
KS (1.1): Demonstrate and apply integrated discipline
(including technical) knowledge across the broad field of
business with depth in one or more core business disciplines
Application of statistical
knowledge
Selects and correctly uses
relevant graphs and statistical
concepts throughout the
report
Selects mostly relevant graphs
and statistical concepts, and
uses them appropriately
throughout the report
Selects mostly relevant graphs
and statistical concepts, but
with occasional inappropriate
use
Selects only a limited range of
relevant graphs and statistical
concepts, with some incorrect
use
Unable to select and use
relevant graphs and
statistical concepts
9. 20%
KS (1.2): Apply technical and technological skills appropriate
and effective for real world business purposes and contexts
Analysis of data
Analysis methods appropriate
for comprehensively and
critically investigating the
research question were
selected; all analyses and
calculations were correctly
performed
Appropriate analysis methods
were selected
comprehensively investigating
most aspects of the research
question ; most analyses and
calculations were correctly
performed
Analysis methods relevant to
some aspects of the research
question were selected,
though narrowly addressing
the research question ; most
analyses and calculations
were correctly performed
though minor errors are
present
Some analysis methods
relevant to the research
question were selected,
though minimally addressing
the research question ;
substantive errors are evident
in the analysis and/or
10. calculations
Analysis methods were not
appropriately selected or
were not relevant to the
research question; multiple
major errors present in
analysis and/or calculations
50%
HO (2.1): Exercise independent judgment and initiative in
adapting and applying knowledge and skills for effective p
lanning, problem solving and decision making in diverse
contexts
Interpretation and
explanation of research
findings
Results are presented clearly
and interpreted correctly and
comprehensively; research
findings are critically
discussed in depth and are
coherently related to all
aspects of the analysis and
research problem
Results are presented clearly
and interpreted correctly in
some detail; research findings
are well discussed in detail in
relation to most parts of the
analysis and research problem
Results are mostly presented
clearly, though minor errors
of interpretation are evident;
research findings are well
discussed in relation to some
aspects of the analysis and
11. research problem, though
explanation is lacking in detail
in parts
Some results have been
presented and interpreted
correctly though substantive
errors in explanation and/or
interpretation are present;
research findings do not
sufficiently address the
research question and/or
analysis, and contain minimal
explanation
Little or no attempt to
present or interpret results,
or attempt contains major
interpretation errors;
research findings lack
relevance to the analysis
and/or research question
and are provided with little
or no explanation
20%
PC (3.1): Use information literacy skills, and communicate
effectively and professionally in written forms and using media
appropriate for diverse purposes and contexts
Written expression and
integration of relevant
statistical findings
Writes fluently and clearly
using language, format, and
structure that always adheres
to the report genre; meaning
is clearly articulated and
effectively expressed, and
12. relevant to task
Language is generally fluent
and clear; format and
structure mostly appropriate
for the report genre; meaning
is effectively expressed and
relevant to task
Writes generally fluently with
occasional grammatical errors;
format and structure not
always appropriate for report
genre; meaning generally clear
and relevant to task but lacks
clarity in parts
Meaning is apparent but not
clearly and fluently expressed,
with limited relevance to the
task; format and structure not
always appropriate for the
report genre
Meaning is confusing or
mostly irrelevant to task with
frequent grammatical errors;
format/structure
inappropriate for the report
genre (or not meeting proper
academic standard, e.g.
plagiarism)
10%
Chem 311 Chapter 3 Assignment Fall
2021_2022Name: __________________ Due: 11:30 PM
10/18/21 Grade__________
General Instructions
13. Provide suitable responses for the problems shown below. The
assignment is to be completed individually and returned by
11:30 pm EST on Thursday, October 18, 2021. Where
applicable, show your work to receive full credit. Late
assignments will be assessed a penalty of 10 % of the overall
grade per day late.
How to Return This Assignment
You may upload the document to the drop box in Canvas as a
Word file, a pdf file, a jpeg file, a scanned file, etc. The
document may also be returned as an email attachment in
canvas. If the file is too large, try compressing it using free
services such as wecompress.com. Do not return the file using
our outlook email. For those who save each page of the
assignment as a pdf or image file, you may combine them into
one document as follows:
· Locate the files in Windows File Explorer.
· Right click on the first file.
· Choose “Combine Supported Files in Acrobat…” A new dialog
box will pop up, but you may have to minimize other files to
see it.
· Drag the files from Explorer into this box.
· If necessary, change the order of the files using “Move Up” or
“Move Down.”
· Click on “Combine Files.” You will be prompted for a file
name.
If applicable, you may also copy and paste images in a Word
document, and then save the document as a pdf file. Instructions
for writing or type on a pdf document will be sent to you as a
separate document. Please ensure that your work is legible, and
your file is complete before and after sending.
Chem 311 Chapter 3 Assignment Fall
2021_2022Name: __________________ Due: 11:30 PM
10/18/21 Grade__________
14. 1. Calculate the degrees of unsaturation for each of the
following molecules: (3 pts)
(a) C7H10Br2 (c) C3H6O3
(e) C9H11Br3N2O2
(b) C3H4O2 (d) C5H12N2
(f) C7H13N
2. Give the general formula for each of the following
compounds: (3 pts)
3. Using E/Z prefixes as appropriate, give the IUPAC name for
each of the following compounds: (5 pts)
15. 4. Classify the following compounds as cis or trans structures.
Write NA if the compounds are not cis-trans structures. (3 pts)
5. Arrange the following alkenes in order of decreasing
stability: (3 pts)
16. 6. Arrange the following cations in order of increasing stability:
(3 pts)
7. Arrange the following free radicals in order of increasing
stability? (3 pts)
8. Classify the following compounds as E/Z structures. (4 pts)
17. 9. Identify the stronger acid in each of the following pairs: (3
pts)
10. Classify each of the following reactions as a(n) substitution,
addition, or elimination reaction: (3 pts)
18. 11. Classify the following species as electrophiles or
nucleophiles: (4 pts)
12. Use the bond dissociation energies in your textbook to
estimate H for the reaction below. Is the reaction exothermic or
endothermic? (3 pts)
19. 13. Questions (a) –(c) pertain to the reaction shown below. (3
pts)
(a) Which conformer in present in greater amount at
equilibrium?
(b) Is the reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous?
14. Calculate Keq for a Go value of 6.9 kcal/mol.K at 25 oC.
(3 pts)
20. 15. For which of the following reactions, if any, is So positive?
(3 pts)
16. Consider the energy diagram for the reaction AB + C AC +
B. (1 pt each)
(a) Identify the point on diagram 1 that controls the rate of the
21. reaction. ________________
(b) Identify the point on diagram 1 that determines the relative
amounts of products and reactants that are formed in the
reaction. _________________
(c) Which of the two energy diagrams corresponds to the faster
reaction? _______________
(d) Identify the transition state on diagram 1.
__________________
(e) Identify the activation energy on diagram 2.
_________________
I II
Cl
H
Cl
H
III
Cl
Cl
IV V VI
ClCl
I
IIIIV
II
I
III
IVII
+
+
+
27. I
I
N
2
(g) + 3H
2
(g) 2NH
3
(H
2
O (g) H
2
O (l)
(b)
(a)
CaO(s) + CO
2
(g) CaCO
3
(s)
(c)
Progress of Rxn
E
AB +C
AC + B
I
II
III
IV
V
Progress of Rxn
E
28. DE +F
DF + E
I
II
III
IV
V
Diagram 2
Diagram 1
I II III
ClBr
(a)
(b)
(c)
Br
Cl
Br
Br
(d)
(e)
BSB123 Data Analysis
Research Report Assessment
Semester 2, 2021
Due Date: 11:59 Sunday 24th October
The data for the Assignment can be found in the file Research
Report Graduate Admissions Data.xlsx on Blackboard
The Problem
International Education is a major industry worldwide with
countries like Australia, the UK, Canada,the US, Germany,
29. China and Malaysia combined accepting hundreds of thousands
or international students each year. This is particularly true in
the post graduate education space.
Globally there are many companies that act as agents for
international students wanting to gain admissions to programs
in other countries. Global Education Services (GES) is one such
company and it is paricularly interested in the most important
factors impacting admissions to graduate programs in the United
States.
GES collected data on 500 students, which they then provided
to admissions offices across a range of institutions for a
response on the likelihood of admission. Responses from the
various universities were gathered and used to determine a
Chance of Admission score for each student.
Information was collected on 10 variables with a snapshot of
the data set provided in the table below. Note the full data set
which you should use is given in the Excel Spreadsheet
provided:
· Chance of Admit - % rating with the higher the number the
greater the chance of acceptance
· GRE Score – US college entrance score
· TOEFL Score – English language test score
· University Rating – Rating assessment of the university in
which the student did their bachelor’s degree – 5 is highest.
· Interview Score – out of 20
· Letter of Recommendation – Yes or No
· CGPA – Adjusted Bachelors GPA out of 10
· Research – did the Bachelo’rs degree require a research
project, Yes or No
· Gender – Male or Female
30. · Region – Did student come from a nearby Region - Americas
or Other
You have been asked to provide a report to GES on the most
important factors in obtaining admission in order for them to
better advise students
GRE Scores
Globally the mean GRE score is 306 with a standard deviation
of 11. Global Education Services (GES) believes that
international students are a special group when it comes to
GRE. Whereas every US student interested in entering graduate
programs will undertake the GRE, International students are
more selective because they have to pay for applications and
hence they need to be more confident about their results. As
such GES is of the opinion that international students are likely
to have a better performance on the GRE and a more consistent
one.
1. Describe in detail the GRE results for international students
using appropriate numerical and graphical methods.
(7 Marks)
2. Conduct a test to determine if the average GRE result for
international students is higher than the global mean of 306.
(5 Marks)
3. Conduct at test to see if the consistency of international
students on the GRE is better than the global average – i.e. the
variance is lower.
(5 Marks)
4. It is reasonable to expect that performance on the GRE and
the Chance of Admission would be related to each other.
Construct a graph relating GRE and Chance of Admission and
calculate an approriate statistic to help describe the relationship
31. between the two variables. Briefly describe the relationship.
(5 Marks)
5. Based on Questions 1. to 4. briefly indicate if you believe
GES’s opinion of International Student performance on the GRE
is correct including the reason why.
(3 Marks)
Projects
As countries have moved to increase the number of students
undertaking Bachelor Degree programs pressure has come on
many institutions to reduce or remove the major research
project requirement for students at undergraduate level.
6. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of
universities which now require a major research project for
graduation. If 60% of universities used to require a research
project what does this imply about the proposition that
institutions are removing the research requirement.
(5 Marks)
7. Conduct a test at the 5% level of significance to see if the
proportion of universities requiring projects has fallen.
(5 Marks)
8. Compare the results in part 6. and 7. Which is the better
result to use and why.
(2 Marks)
Chance of Admission
9. While we would hope that there was no bias in admissions
test at the 10% level of significance if the average chance of
admission is different between Males and Females. Make sure
you undertake all checks and tests necessary in order to be able
to conduct this test.
(8 Marks)
10. Conduct a regression analysis to determine which factors
affect a students chance of admission. In undertaking the
analysis do this in three steps:
a. Regress all variables and conduct all tests necessary to
32. determine which variables should be included in an optimal
model.
b. Re-estimate your chosen model from a. Interpret all
necessary statistics and conduct all necessary tests.
c. State your estimated equation and interpret the coefficent of
the first and last variable you have included. Use the estimated
equation to predict the chance of admission for a Male student
from Brazil with a CGPA of 8.5, a TOEFL of 110, a GRE of
320, no letter of recommendation, an interview score of 15 and
who came from a mid rated (level 3) university which did not
require a research project.
(20 Marks)
Summary Report
11. Write a brief report to GES describing what you have found
in non-technical language. The report can be no longer than 200
words. Include your recommendations on the most important
things to advise prospective international students.
(5 Marks)
(70 Total Marks)
In answering all questions:
· Make sure you include any assumptions that are necessary.
· Wherever possible conduct tests to back up your answers or
use of procedures.
· Ensure that you include any relevant Excel results as part of
your analysis.
Submission Instructions
· You should submit your response to as a single pdf
document saved in the format: Studentname_BSB123report.pdf.
· Keep, but do not submit your Excel file. If required I will
contact you directly for this file
· Submit your assignment through the link in Blackboard
· After uploading your research report, it is your responsibility
33. to go back into the TurnItIn submission item to check that your
report was properly uploaded. Make sure that you record all
details in the submission receipt. I recommend taking a
snapshot on your phone for records.
· If you encounter any technical problem during submission,
you are strongly advised to email me your attempt before the
due date and time.
· This assessment is due by 11:59pm on Sunday 24th October.
Late submissions without approval will attract the usual QUT
penalties.
· For more information go to:
https://qutvirtual4.qut.edu.au/group/student/study/assignments/s
ubmitting/late-assignments-and-extensions
| Research Report Assessment
Chance of Admit GRE ScoreTOEFL ScoreUniversity
RatingInterviewLetter of
RecommendationCGPAResearchGenderRegion
0.342989828No8.03NoMaleOther
0.3429791210No7.43NoMaleOther
0.362759418Yes6.8YesFemaleAmericas
0.363039430No7.66NoFemaleOther
0.3729597113No7.57NoMaleOther
0.38299100311No7.66NoFemaleOther
0.383049821No7.66NoMaleAmericas
0.393159822Yes7.65NoMaleOther
0.423119229Yes8.3NoMaleOther
0.423049544No7.84NoMaleOther
Original DataChance of Admit GRE ScoreTOEFL
ScoreUniversity RatingInterviewLetter of
RecommendationCGPAResearchGenderRegion0.342989828No8.
03NoMaleOther0.3429791210No7.43NoMaleOther0.362759418
Yes6.8YesFemaleAmericas0.363039430No7.66NoFemaleOther0
43. and effective for real world business purposes and contexts
Analysis of data
Analysis methods appropriate for comprehensively and
critically investigating the research question were selected; all
analyses and calculations were correctly performed
Appropriate analysis methods were selected comprehensively
investigating most aspects of the research question ; most
analyses and calculations were correctly performed
Analysis methods relevant to some aspects of the research
question were selected, though narrowly addressing the research
question ; most analyses and calculations were correctly
performed though minor errors are present
Some analysis methods relevant to the research question were
selected, though minimally addressing the research question ;
substantive errors are evident in the analysis and/or calculations
Analysis methods were not appropriately selected or were not
relevant to the research question; multiple major errors present
in analysis and/or calculations
50%
HO (2.1): Exercise independent judgment and initiative in
adapting and applying knowledge and skills for effective
planning, problem solving and decision making in diverse
contexts
Interpretation and explanation of research findings
Results are presented clearly and interpreted correctly and
comprehensively; research findings are critically discussed in
depth and are coherently related to all aspects of the analysis
and research problem
Results are presented clearly and interpreted correctly in some
detail; research findings are well discussed in detail in relation
to most parts of the analysis and research problem
Results are mostly presented clearly, though minor errors of
interpretation are evident; research findings are well discus sed
in relation to some aspects of the analysis and research problem,
44. though explanation is lacking in detail in parts
Some results have been presented and interpreted correctly
though substantive errors in explanation and/or interpretation
are present; research findings do not sufficiently address the
research question and/or analysis, and contain minimal
explanation
Little or no attempt to present or interpret results, or attempt
contains major interpretation errors; research findings lack
relevance to the analysis and/or research question and are
provided with little or no explanation
20%
PC (3.1): Use information literacy skills, and communicate
effectively and professionally in written forms and using media
appropriate for diverse purposes and contexts
Written expression and integration of relevant statistical
findings
Writes fluently and clearly using language, format, and
structure that always adheres to the report genre; meaning is
clearly articulated and effectively expressed, and relevant to
task
Language is generally fluent and clear; format and structure
mostly appropriate for the report genre; meaning is effectively
expressed and relevant to task
Writes generally fluently with occasional grammatical errors;
format and structure not always appropriate for report genre;
meaning generally clear and relevant to task but lacks clarity in
parts
Meaning is apparent but not clearly and fluently expressed, with
limited relevance to the task; format and structure not always
appropriate for the report genre
Meaning is confusing or mostly irrelevant to task with frequent
grammatical errors; format/structure inappropriate for the report
genre (or not meeting proper academic standard, e.g.
plagiarism)