Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
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Week 6 lecture notes com350
1. FeministCriticism
Chapter 6 in Rhetorical Criticism
Foss, S. (2018). Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration & Practice. 5th
Ed. Long Grove, Il:Waveland Press.
2. Feminist
Criticism
⢠feminist or womenâs liberation movement
⢠aimed at improving conditions for women
Has its roots in a social-political movement:
⢠âwomen and men should have equal opportunities for self-
expressionâ
⢠âmovement towards a society where woman can live a full, self-
determined lifeâ
⢠âthe theoretical study of womenâs oppression and strategies to
end that oppressionâ
⢠âstruggle to end sexist oppressionâ
⢠âa struggle to end the ideology of domination that permeates
Western cultureâ
Definitions:
3. Three stages
⢠Right to vote (Suffrage Movement)
1st stage:
mid 19th century to
1920âs
⢠Betty Friedanâs A Feminine Mystique (1963)
⢠Liberal, Radical and Marxist Feminists
⢠Lesbian and Cultural Feminists
2nd stage: 1963 to early
1980s
⢠Feminists born after 1960
⢠Go beyond a âmiddleclass, white, able-bodied,
heterosexualâ emancipation to the freedom of all women
and men of colors, religions, classes, sexuality, worlds and
abilities
3rd stage: 1980s to
Present
4. Feminism and
Communication
Karlyn Kohrs Campbell, The Rhetoric ofWomenâs
Liberation (1973)
Scholarship dedicated to the critique of the
rhetoric of the movement
Focuses on particular goals like ERA
The recognition that women had been neglected
by rhetorical studies
Defined âWhat is a womenâs perspective?â
5. Early Feminist
Criticism
Involved an analysis of artifacts that oppressed, subordinated, or
silenced individuals to look identify the ways in which oppressive
conditions were created.
Focused on the nature of the oppression in the artifacts
Feminist criticism often analyzed films to identify the stereotypical
views of women and the harmful effects of those stereotypes on the
culture.
Explores the ideology of domination
Feminists seek to disrupt the ideology of domination and point to
nondominating ways to live by promoting equality, immanent value and
self-determination
6. Feminist
Critique
ď Emerged as a method to
intervene in the âideology of
domination.â
ď Feminist critics are concerned
with relationships of
dominance of all kinds, not
just women.
ď Feminism is equated now with
practices of disruption in
general, practices that
challenge common
assumptions.
7. Contributions to RhetoricalTheory by Feminist
criticism
Scholarship dedicated to
analysis of the rhetoric of
women (rather than only
studying the speaking
practices of men0
Provided a critical method
for the rhetoric of
disrupting conventional
practices and perspectives
Has resulted in an
examination of the impact
of gender on research
practices
8. Selecting the artifact
1
Any rhetoric that marginalizes or
subordinates groups can be
analyzed using feminist critique
2
Any artifact that presents a view
of race, gender, class, sexuality,
religion, ability or identity in a
way that angers, inspires,
challenges or frustrates you may
apply.
3
Even things such as football,
architecture, art
4
What you want to see in the
artifact that you analyze for
feminist criticism are strategies
that disrupt hegemonies in
various ways.
9. Analyzing the
artifact
Identify the strategies of disruption
Code the artifact for the strategies used by the rhetor to
disrupt a dominant perspective and to create alternative to it.
⢠Generating multiple perspectives
⢠Cultivating ambiguity
⢠Reframing
⢠Enacting
⢠Juxtaposing incongruities
10. Strategy:
Generating
multiple
perspectives
The rhetor summarizes different
perspectives on an issue
The rhetor uses repetition of a phrase,
word, image, or a scene in films
The rhetor deliberately seeks out a
perspective different from his or hers
(engaging in self-criticism
12. Strategy: Reframing
ď The process of shifting perspective to view a situation from a
different vantage point.
ď Select a new metaphor offering a different perspective
ď Resourcement: Disengagement and then redirection, âthe boring
Baroque Responseâ
ď Redefinition: providing a new meaning, altering the visual shape
13. Strategy:
Enacting
Act out or embody an
interpretation of a
situation counter to the
one normally accepted
A form in which the
rhetor incarnates the
argument
Is often an in-your-face
strategy
Affirms and reinforces a
new interpretation of a
situation
14. Strategy:
Juxtaposing Incongruities
A rhetor merges categories typically believed
to be mutually exclusive
1
Called âatom crackingâ by Kenneth Burke
because human systems of belief are
organized by schemes of orientation that
provide stability. The strategy of juxtaposing
incongruities upset s the normal pattern
2
15. Explore the strategies
After the strategies that
disrupt are identified,
discuss how those strategies
function for the rhetor and
the audience to create new
options for thinking, acting,
and being.
01
Discover ways in which
artifacts can serve as
models for creating
alternatives to dominant
ideologies and practices.
02
Formulate the research
question
03
Write the essay
04