Radioprotection in NPP

1. WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF POWER AND AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
NPP SAFETY AND RADIO PROTECTION
Project Report
Supervisor:
Prof. Aleksey Kaszko
Submitted by
Ojes Sai Pogiri
K-5870

2. 2
Description of phenomena:
In this project, we have a ventilation smokestack which is emanating radioactive substance into the
climate because of disappointment. The rate at which the discharge is occurring is Q = 10g/s. The
fundamental goal of the errand is to break down the defilement that happens because of the
disappointment. The investigation is done in a 2km good ways from the source as determined in the
inquiry. One of the potential kinds of defilement items must be chosen. The isotope that is chosen
here is Barium – 140. While examining, all the breeze speeds given (Vw = 0,2,4,8,10,12,16,18 m/s)
and the environmental conditions must be considered. The issue is break down with the assistance
of gaussian crest model.
Radioactive defilement, additionally called radiological sullying, is the affidavit of, or nearness of
radioactive substances on surfaces or inside solids, fluids or gases (counting the human body), where
their quality is unintended or unwanted.
Tainting can happen because of different reasons. It may happen because of arrival of radioactive
gases, fluids or particles. Radioactive tainting may likewise be an unavoidable aftereffect of specific
procedures, for example, the arrival of radioactive xenon in atomic fuel reprocessing.
Atomic aftermath is the appropriation of radioactive defilement by the 520 air atomic blasts that
occurred from the 1950s to the 1980s.
Regulation is the essential method of forestalling defilement being discharged into the earth or
coming into contact or being ingested by people.
The dangers to individuals and the earth from radioactive tainting rely upon the idea of the
radioactive contaminant, the degree of sullying, and the degree of the spread of pollution. Low
degrees of radioactive defilement present little hazard yet can in any case be recognized by radiation
instrumentation. Significant levels of defilement may present significant dangers to individuals and
nature. Individuals can be presented to possibly deadly radiation levels,
Health effects of Barium 140:
he measures of barium that is distinguished in food and water as a rule isn't sufficiently high to turn
into a wellbeing concern.
Individuals with the most serious hazard to barium introduction with extra wellbeing impacts are
those that work in the barium business. A large portion of the wellbeing dangers that they can
experience are brought about by taking in air that contains barium sulfate or barium carbonate.
Numerous risky waste destinations contain certain measures of barium. Individuals that live close to
them might be presented to hurtful levels. The presentation will at that point be brought about by
breathing residue, eating soil or plants, or drinking water that is dirtied with barium. Skin contact
may likewise happen.
The wellbeing impacts of barium rely on the water-dissolvability of the mixes. Barium intensifies
that disintegrate in water can be hurtful to human wellbeing. The take-up of a lot of barium that are
water-solvent may cause deadens and, now and again, even passing.
Limited quantities of water-dissolvable barium may make an individual encounter breathing

3. 3
challenges, expanded blood pressures, heart cadence changes, stomach disturbance, muscle
shortcoming, changes in nerve reflexes, growing of minds and liver, kidney and heart harm.
Barium has not appeared to cause malignant growth with people. There is no verification that barium
can cause fruitlessness or birth deserts.
Environmental effects of barium
Some barium intensifies that are discharged during modern procedures break up effectively in water
and are found in lakes, waterways, and streams. Considering their water-dissolvability these barium
mixes can spread over significant stretches. At the point when fish and other amphibian life forms
ingest the barium mixes, barium will gather in their bodies.
Since it structures insoluble salts with other regular parts of the earth, for example, carbonate and
sulfate, barium isn't versatile and presents little hazard. Barium intensifies that are determined for
the most part stay in soil surfaces, or in the dregs of water soils. Barium is found in most land soils
at low levels. These levels might be higher at unsafe waste locales
.
Atmospheric dispersion modelling:
It is a mathematical simulation of the physics and chemistry governing the transport, dispersion, and
transformation of pollutants in the atmosphere
It is a means of estimating downwind air pollution concentrations, given information about the
pollutant emissions and nature of the atmosphere.
Dispersion models are of different types, namely:
1)Box model 2) Gaussian plume model 3) Gaussian puff model 4) Complex numerical models
•‘now-casting’ (diagnostic) • 'forecasting' (prognostic)
The modeling procedures can be categorized into four generic classes:
• Gaussian
• Numerical
• Statistical or empirical and
• Physical
The emphasis is on Gaussian-plume type models for continuous releases, which are at the core of
most regulatory models. Gaussian models are the most widely used techniques for estimating the
impact of nonreactive pollutants
Assumptions:
Some of the assumptions made are Mass flow: 12g/s
Height of stack: 140m Chimney diameter: 2.5m Gas temperature: 180ºC
Atmospheric Temperature: 20ºC
Pasquil type Chosen: A (for atmospheric conditions)

4. 4
Isotope chosen – Ba140
Half Life – 12.752315 days
Beta Decay with energy – 1.04966 MeV Specific Activity – 2.70814E+15 mol-1
sec-1
g-1
Results of Simulation:
Activity concentration on ground is calculated by applying formula
16
18
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2200 2800 3400 4000 4600
Distance(m)
12
2E+10
14
0
104E+10
8E+10 6
6E+10 8
0.5
2
4
1.4E+11
1.2E+11
1E+11
Activity v/s Distance
Activity(Bq/m3)
18
160 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2200 2800 3400 4000
4600
Distance(m)
0.5
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0.00004
5
0.00004
0.00003
5
0.00003
0.00002
5
0.00002
0.00001
5
Concentration v/s
Distance
Concentration(g/m3)

5. 5
Concentration v/s distance is obtained by the usage of formula specified is as follows
Obtaining this graph requires the usage of for
16
18
0 350 700 1050 1400 1750 2200 2900 3600 4300
Distance(m)
0.00000E+00
8
10
12
14
8.00000E-02
6.00000E-02
4.00000E-02
2.00000E-02
6
1.00000E-01
0.5
2
4
1.60000E-01
1.40000E-01
1.20000E-01
Ground Level Conc. v/s Distance
Groundlevelconc(g/m3)

6. 6
Conclusion:
The emissions that are produced from the stacks have huge amount of radiation and can have a huge
impact on human health. Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy to affect the atoms in living cells and
thereby damage their genetic material (DNA). If the damage is not repaired correctly, a cell may die or
eventually become cancerous. Exposure to high levels of radiation can cause acute health effects.
References:
• "Radiocarbon dating". University of Utrecht. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
• Seinfeld, John H. (2006). Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate
change. Chapter 18: Wiley.
• Hanna, Steven (1982). "Handbook on Atmospheric Diffusion".
• Briggs, G.A., "CONCAWE meeting: discussion of the comparative consequences of
different plume rise formulas", Atmos. Envir.,
• https://ansn.iaea.org/Common/Topics/OpenTopic.aspx?ID=13012
• https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/ba.htm
• https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/056.140/index2.full.dm.html