15. Лейкоцитын тоо
C-урвалж уураг (levels <20 mg/L suggest against the diagnosis of bacterial
pneumonia + Прокальцитонин (also may be helpful in making the decision to
discontinue antibiotic treatment).
Цэрний өсгөвөр (sputum Gram stain and culture have low sensitivity and specificity
in the diagnosis) ба түрхэц
Цусны өсгөвөр
Гялтангийн шингэний шинжилгээ
Серологийн шинжилгээ (Mycoplasma IgM…)
PCR (urinary antigen detection for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1antigen.)
-Thorax 2002; 57:267-271
Лабораторийн шинжилгээ
34. Most common causes for diffuse alveolar pneumonia are:
Pneumocystis, Cytomegalovirus
35. Most common causes for diffuse interstitial pneumonia are:
Viral, Chickenpox
36. Figure 1: A 50-year-old male patient
with dry cough for 6 months. Patchy
wedge-shaped GGO which tend to be
subpleural in location. The S.IgE levels
in this patient were markedly raised
upto 1818 kU/L, suggestive of chronic
eosinophilic pneumonia
40. Septic emboli to the lungs originate in a variety of sites, including cardiac valves
(endocarditis), peripheral veins (thrombophlebitis), and venous catheters or
pacemaker wires.
41. I өдөр
o Эмнэлзүйн үзлэг
o Цээжний рентген зураг (хоёр байрлалаар)
o ЦЕШ, ШЕШ
o SaO2 (хэвийн үед >90% байна)
o 4-6 цагийн дотор нянгийн эсрэг эмийг судсанд хийж эхэлнэ, үр дүн болон гаж
нөлөөг үнэлнэ
o Өвчтөн хаана эмчлэгдэхийг шийднэ (халдвартын эмнэлэг, ЭЭТ, дотрын тасаг,
гэрээр)
Оношлогоо
52. - Streptococcus pneumoniae (i.e. benzylpenicillin )
- Legionella (azithromycin)
- aerobic Gram negatives such as Klebsiella species (gentamicin)
- Staph. aureus (gentamicin or add vancomycin to cover community methicillin-
resistant Staph.aureus (MRSA) if suspicion high- see Sputum examination below).
53. ЭБНҮ уушгины үрэвслийн: Стационарын эмчилгээ
Бүлэг Элбэг тохиолдох
шалтгаан
Сонгох эмийн бэлдмэл
Хүнд бус
ЭБУҮ-тэй
хүмүүс
S.Pneumoniae
H.Influenzae
C.Pneumoniae
S.Aureus
Enterobacteriaceae
Бензилпен. IV, IM ± макролид уух
Ампиц. IV, IM ± макролид уух
Амоксициллин/клавуланат IV ± макролид
Амоксициллин/сульбактам IV, IM ± макролид уух
Цефотаксим IV, IM ± макролид уух
Цефтриаксон IV, IM ± макролид уух
Эртапенем IV, IM ± макролид уухаар эсвэл амьсгалын
фторхинолон в/в
54. Бүлэг Элбэг тохиолдох шалтгаан Сонгох эмийн бэлдмэл
Хүнд
ЭБУҮ-тэй
хүмүүс
S.Pneumoniae
Legionella spp.
S.aureus
Enterobacteriaceae
Амоксициллин/клавуланат IV ±
макролид IV
Цефотаксим IV ± макролид IV
Цефтриаксон IV ± макролид IV
Эртапенем IV ± макролид IV эсвэл
амьсгалын фторхинолон IV ±
цефотаксим, цефтриаксин IV
ЭБНҮ уушгины үрэвслийн: Стационарын эмчилгээ
81. 1. Зовиур:
A 66-year-old male presented to an urgent care clinic with a 4-day history
dry cough
progressing to rusty colored sputum
sudden onset of chills the previous evening
subjective fever
malaise
Originally, the man thought he had a cold, but the symptoms had worsened and
he “barely slept last night with all this coughing.”
Тохиолдол
82. He denied experiencing
shortness of breath “a little faster than normal.”
sharp right-sided chest pain after a particularly long bout of coughing.
He denied any leg swelling, orthopnea,
left-sided/substernal chest pain.
He also denied any gastrointestinal symptoms (no nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea).
His past medical history included hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. He reported
no antibiotic use in the previous three months.
He was anxious to “get something to clear this up” as he had plans to attend his first
granddaughter’s destination-wedding in the Caribbean in one week’s time.
83. 2. Үзлэгт:
In general, the man appeared tired and a bit “washed out.” His vital signs were as follows:
(i)Temperature (F): 101.3 (38.5)
(ii)Blood pressure (mmHg): 128/76
(iii)HR (bpm): 102
(iv)RR (bpm): 24
(v)SpO2 (%): 94
Respiratory examination revealed mild tachypnea with dullness to percussion over the
lower-right lung. Auscultation revealed decreased breath sounds in the same area, but no
crackles or wheezing.
Other than mild tachycardia with a regular rhythm, the remainder of the physical
examination was normal.
96. Two days later, the man presented to the local ER with worsening symptoms that had
progressed to include dyspnea and an oxygen saturation of 89%.
He was admitted to the hospital for 5 days of inpatient treatment, including IV
levofloxacin, with 2 days spent in the ICU. The patient did not require ventilator
support. Blood cultures revealed S. pneumoniae resistant to azithromycin but sensitive
to fluoroquinolones.
97. S. pneumoniae urine antigen testing (UAT) - if testing results will change
the antibiotic management for patients with CAP.
Per the IDSA guidelines respiratory fluoroquinolones and doxycycline are
the only other treatment considerations for monotherapy in CAP.
98. “black box” side effects of the fluoroquinolones, such as tendinopathy, and
their propensity for causing C. difficile enterocolitis