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Chickenpox Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
- 2. Age – Primarily children, uncommon in adults in whom the disease tends to be more severe. Causative agent Virus is identical to virus of herpes zoster and hence designated varicella zoster virus (V-Z virus). Transmission Droplet discharges from air passages. direct skin contact contaminated utensils. Incubation period – 14 to 15 days. P/B :- DR NIYATI PATEL 2
- 3. CLINICAL FEATURES Stage of Invasion or Prodromata not constant. Headache, sore throat and fever for 24 hours. Prodromal rashes Erythematous, scarlatiniform, morbilliform or urticarial. Rarely haemorrhagic. P/B :- DR NIYATI PATEL 3
- 4. Stage of Eruption 1. Enanthem (Eruption of mucosa)– Earliest lesions on buccal and pharyngeal mucosa. 2. Exanthem (Eruption of skin) – (a) Evolution – in crops; at first back, then chest, abdomen, face, and lastly limbs. (b) Character – At first macule, in few hours’ dark pink papule which soon turns into vesicle – MACULE (flat nonpalpable lesion) PAPULE (small palpable lesion) VESICLES (small fluid filled lesion) PUSTULE (small pus filled lesion) SCAB (c) Distribution – centripetal, i.e. more on upper arms and thighs and upper part of face and in concavities. Less commonly lesions on genital mucous membranes, conjunctivae and cornea. (d) Cropping – Rash matures very quickly and most spots dry up within 48 hours of appearance P/B :- DR NIYATI PATEL 4
- 5. Other symptoms Pruritus of varying degree. Generalized lymphadenopathy suboccipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes from secondarily infected scalp lesions. P/B :- DR NIYATI PATEL 5
- 6. COMPLICATION Bacterial infection of skin – streptococci or Staph.aureus Uncommon complication Cerebellar ataxia Meningitis Cellulitis Pneumonia (due to affection of lungs) Post varicella encephalitis Congenital abnormalities – scarred & atrophied limbs, microcephaly & ocular damage P/B :- DR NIYATI PATEL 6
- 7. MANAGEMENT 1. No need to confine patient to bed unless symptoms are severe. 2. For pruritus – Calamine lotion with or without phenol (0.4%) and sedative antihistaminics by mouth. 3. For secondary infection – Antibiotics. 4. For true varicella pneumonia – Oxygen. 5. For encephalitis – Oxygen and corticosteroids. 6. Paracetamol for fever. 7. Oral acyclovir initiated within 24h of rash P/B :- DR NIYATI PATEL 7
- 8. PREVENTION (1) Varicella zoster immunoglobulin 1. Exposure to chickenpox in immune compromised and susceptible children. 2. Particularly pregnant women 3. Newborn infants whose mothers 4. Have chickenpox within 5 days before delivery or within 48 5. Hours after delivery. 6. Premature infants of less than 28 weeks gestation. 7. Premature infants whose mothers do not have a history of chickenpox. (2) Vaccine – Live attenuated varicella vaccine Safe and highly protective in both healthy and immuno-compromised children P/B :- DR NIYATI PATEL 8
- 9. THANK YOU P/B :- DR NIYATI PATEL 9