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Noise pollution
⊹ May not seem very bad, yet very harmful
⊹ Noise- undesirable, unwanted sound
⊹ Measured in Decibel (dB)
⊹ Outdoor noise- factories, vehicles, loudspeakers
⊹ Indoor noise- loud music, electronic gadgets
⊹ Noise is subjective
Effects of noise pollution on
physical health
⊹ Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS)- 80-130 dB –
may recover within a month
⊹ Noise Induced Permanent Threshold Shift
(NIPTS)-no recovery- 95 dB
⊹ Above 150 dB –physical rupture
⊹ Degree of hearing loss= intensity and duration
Effects on mental health
⊹ Emotional and Psychological effects – irritability,
anxiety and stress
⊹ Lack of concentration- schools/ colleges in busy
areas
⊹ Lowered work efficiency, productivity and higher
accidents
⊹ Quality of life
Noise control techniques
⊹ Reduce noise at source
⊹ Blocking the path of noise
⊹ Increase path length
⊹ Protecting recipient
⊹ Source reduction - muffling vehicles & machinery
⊹ Regular, thorough maintenance
⊹ Locating noisy machines away from site
⊹ Smooth flow of traffic
⊹ Planting trees around houses
⊹ Use of ear plugs, earmuffs
“
THERMAL POLLUTION
⊹ Discharge of warm water- rivers
⊹ Water for cooling –hot- its source
⊹ Power plants- at least 15° Celsius
EFFECTS
⊹ Oxygen solubility decreases
⊹ Metabolism of fish increases
⊹ Growth spurt of certain fish
⊹ If hot water is not discharged- die- acclimatized
⊹ Tropical marine animals- cannot withstand
CONTROL MEASURES
⊹ Cooling pond- large shallow pond
⊹ Cooling tower – less land area- water from condenser - vertical sheets
⊹ Disadvantage- large amount of water lost due to evaporation
NUCLEAR HAZARDS
⊹ Can be beneficial or harmful
⊹ 17% of electrical energy in the world
⊹ Nuclear fission- splitting of nucleus of an atom
⊹ Germany-1938- Atom Bombs by America
⊹ Soviet Union – first reactor- 1954
⊹ Accidents and radioactive wastes
Fuel generation
⊹ Low grade Uranium ore- 0.2 % Uranium- mining
⊹ Milling process- crushed
⊹ Treated with solvent- concentrate the U- Yellow
cake- 70-90% Uranium oxide
⊹ 0.7% of fissionable U-235- not high enough
⊹ Enrichment process- 0.7 becomes 3 %
⊹ Fuel fabrication-powder- pellets
⊹ Pellets sealed in metal fuel rods- 4m long- loaded
in reactor
⊹ 3 years life- very radioactive even after discarding
CHERNOBYL
DISASTER
⊹ 26 April 1986
⊹ During a safety test – measure the
ability of steam turbine to power
the emergency feedwater pumps
⊹ Upon test completion- reactor
shutdown triggered
⊹ Resulted in fuel channel rupture-
steam explosion and melting of
reactor core
⊹ 4000 fatalities – Ukraine, Belarus
and Russia
damage
⊹ Varies with the kind and amount of radiation
⊹ Duration of exposure, types of cells irradiated
⊹ Mutations-changes in genetic makeup
⊹ Ovaries/testes- mutated eggs n sperms- abnormal
offspring
⊹ Cancer- leukemia & breast cancer

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noise, thermal n nuclear hazards.pptx

  • 1. Noise pollution ⊹ May not seem very bad, yet very harmful ⊹ Noise- undesirable, unwanted sound ⊹ Measured in Decibel (dB) ⊹ Outdoor noise- factories, vehicles, loudspeakers ⊹ Indoor noise- loud music, electronic gadgets ⊹ Noise is subjective
  • 2. Effects of noise pollution on physical health ⊹ Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS)- 80-130 dB – may recover within a month ⊹ Noise Induced Permanent Threshold Shift (NIPTS)-no recovery- 95 dB ⊹ Above 150 dB –physical rupture ⊹ Degree of hearing loss= intensity and duration
  • 3. Effects on mental health ⊹ Emotional and Psychological effects – irritability, anxiety and stress ⊹ Lack of concentration- schools/ colleges in busy areas ⊹ Lowered work efficiency, productivity and higher accidents ⊹ Quality of life
  • 4. Noise control techniques ⊹ Reduce noise at source ⊹ Blocking the path of noise ⊹ Increase path length ⊹ Protecting recipient ⊹ Source reduction - muffling vehicles & machinery ⊹ Regular, thorough maintenance ⊹ Locating noisy machines away from site ⊹ Smooth flow of traffic ⊹ Planting trees around houses ⊹ Use of ear plugs, earmuffs
  • 5. “ THERMAL POLLUTION ⊹ Discharge of warm water- rivers ⊹ Water for cooling –hot- its source ⊹ Power plants- at least 15° Celsius EFFECTS ⊹ Oxygen solubility decreases ⊹ Metabolism of fish increases ⊹ Growth spurt of certain fish ⊹ If hot water is not discharged- die- acclimatized ⊹ Tropical marine animals- cannot withstand CONTROL MEASURES ⊹ Cooling pond- large shallow pond ⊹ Cooling tower – less land area- water from condenser - vertical sheets ⊹ Disadvantage- large amount of water lost due to evaporation
  • 6. NUCLEAR HAZARDS ⊹ Can be beneficial or harmful ⊹ 17% of electrical energy in the world ⊹ Nuclear fission- splitting of nucleus of an atom ⊹ Germany-1938- Atom Bombs by America ⊹ Soviet Union – first reactor- 1954 ⊹ Accidents and radioactive wastes
  • 7. Fuel generation ⊹ Low grade Uranium ore- 0.2 % Uranium- mining ⊹ Milling process- crushed ⊹ Treated with solvent- concentrate the U- Yellow cake- 70-90% Uranium oxide ⊹ 0.7% of fissionable U-235- not high enough ⊹ Enrichment process- 0.7 becomes 3 % ⊹ Fuel fabrication-powder- pellets ⊹ Pellets sealed in metal fuel rods- 4m long- loaded in reactor ⊹ 3 years life- very radioactive even after discarding
  • 8. CHERNOBYL DISASTER ⊹ 26 April 1986 ⊹ During a safety test – measure the ability of steam turbine to power the emergency feedwater pumps ⊹ Upon test completion- reactor shutdown triggered ⊹ Resulted in fuel channel rupture- steam explosion and melting of reactor core ⊹ 4000 fatalities – Ukraine, Belarus and Russia
  • 9. damage ⊹ Varies with the kind and amount of radiation ⊹ Duration of exposure, types of cells irradiated ⊹ Mutations-changes in genetic makeup ⊹ Ovaries/testes- mutated eggs n sperms- abnormal offspring ⊹ Cancer- leukemia & breast cancer