MATERIAL HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION

1. MATERIAL HANDLING AND
TRANSPORTATION
PRESENTED BY :
Nisha . N
M.Pharm 1st Sem
Dept . Of Pharmaceutics
SUBMITTED TO :
Prof . H . S . Keerthy
Dept . Of Pharmaceutics
Mallige College of Pharmacy
1/27

2. CONTENTS :
Objectives of material handling
Unit load concept
Principles of material handling
Types of material handling equipment
2/27

3. DEFINITION :
Material handling is the function of moving the right
material to the right place in right time , in the right amount,
in sequence and in the right condition to minimize product
cost .
3/27

4. OBJECTIVES :
1) To increase the efficiency of material flow by ensuring
availability of material when and where they needed .
2) To reduce the material handling cost .
3) To improve facilities utilization .
4) To improve safety and working condition .
5) To facilitate manufacturing processes .
6) To increase productivity .
4/27

5. UNIT LOAD CONCEPT :
It is defined as number of items arranged such that they can be
handled as a single object .
Unit load can be accomplished by :
1) Palletization : It is assembling and securing of individual
items on a platform that can be moved by a truck or crane .
5/27

6. 2) Unitization :
It is also the assembling of goods , but as one compact load.
Unlike palletization additional materials are also used for
packaging and wrapping the items as a complete unit .
3) Containerization :
It is the assembling of items in a box or bin . It is most suitable
for use with conveyors especially small items .
6/27

7. PRINCIPLES OF MATERIAL HANDLING :
1) Planning : Plan all MH and storage activities to obtain
maximum overall operating efficiency .
2) System flow : Integrate as many handling activities as is
practical into a co-ordinated system of operations
covering vendor , receiving , storage , production ,
inspection , packaging , wearhousing , shipping ,
transportation and customer .
3) Material flow : Provide an operation sequence and
equipment layout optimising material flow .
4) Simplification : Simplify handling by reducing or
eliminating unnecessary methods or equipment .
5) Gravity : Use gravity to material handling whenever
practical
6) Space Utilization : Make optimum utilization of the
building cube .
7/27

8. 7) Unit size : Increase the quantity , size or weight of unit
loads .
8) Maintenance : Plan for preventive maintenance and
schedule repairs of all handling equipment .
9) Control : Use material handling activities to improve
control of production , inventory and order handling .
10) Capacity : Use handling equipment to achieve the
desired production capacity .
11) Performance : Determine the effectiveness of handling
performance in terms of expense per unit handled .
12) Safety : Provide suitable methods and equipment for safe
handling .
8/27

9. TYPES OF MATERIAL HANDLING
EQUIPMENT
They are divided into five categories
1) Industrial trucks
2) Automated guided vehicles
3) Monorails and other rail guided vehicles
4) Conveyors
5) Cranes and hoists
9/27

10. NON POWERED INDUSTRIAL
TRUCKS ( HAND TRUCKS )
Two wheel hand truck
Four wheel dolly
10/27

11. Hand operated low lift pallet truck
11/27

12. POWERED TRUCKS
• Wheeled forks inserted into pallet openings .
• No provision for riding ; truck is steered by worker using
control handle at front of vehicle .
12/27

13. • Widely used in factories and warehouses because pallet
loads are so common .
• Capacities from 450kg up to 4500kg .
• Power sources include on board batteries and internal
combustion motors .
• Designed to pull one or more trailing carts in factories and
warehouses as well as for airport baggage handling .
• Powered by on board batteries or IC engines .
13/27

14. ADVANTAGES :
1) They are capabale of loading , unloading and lifting
inn addition to transferring material .
2) Because of unristricted mobility , which allows
them to serve in different areas , trucks can achieve
high utilization .
DISADVANTAGES :
1) They cannot handle heavy loads .
2) They have limited capacity per trip .
3) Most trucks have to be driven by an operator .
14/27

15. AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE SYSTEM ( AGVS )
It is a material handling system that uses independently
operated , self propelled vehicles guided along defined
pathways in the facility floor .
TYPES OF AGV :
1) Driverless trains
2) Pallet trucks
3) Unit load AGV’S
15/27

16. DRIVERLESS AUTOMATED GUIDED TRAIN
Common application is moving heavy payloads over long
distances in warehouses and factories without intermediate
stops along the route .
16/27

17. AGV PALLET TRUCK :
 Use to move palletised loads along predetermined routes .
 Worker drives pallet truck to AGV guide path and program
destination .
17/27

18. UNIT LOAD CARRIER :
 Used to move unit loads from station to station .
 Often equipped for automatic loading or unloading of
pallets using roller conveyors , moving belts or mechanized
fit platform .
18/27

19. AGV APPLICATIONS :
1) Driveless train operations : Movement of large quantity
of materials over long distances .
2) Storage and Distribution : Movement of pallet loads
between shipping docks and storage racks .
3) Assembling line operations : Movement of car bodies
and major motors through the assembly stations .
4) Miscellaneous : Mail delivery and hospital supplies .
19/27

20. RAIL GUIDED VEHICLES :
 Self propelled vehicles that ride on fixed rail system .
 Vehicles operate independently and are driven by
electric motors that pick up power from an electrifies rail .
20/27

21. CONVEYOR SYSTEMS :
Large family of material transport equipment designed to
materials over fixed paths usually in large quantites or
volumes .
1) Non powered : Materials moved by human volunteers or
by gravity .
2) Powered : Power mechanism for transporting materials is
contained in a fixed paths , using chains , belts , rollers or
other mechanical devices .
21/27

22. ADVANTAGES :
1) Permits high capacity for moving large number of item
2) Their speed is adjustable .
3) They are versatile and can be on floor or overhead .
4) Straight line paths are not required .
DISADVANTAGES :
1) They allow a fixed path , serving only limited areas .
2) A breakdown in any part of the conveyor stops the
entire line .
22/27

23. CRANES AND HOISTS :
Handling devices for lifting , lowering and transporting
materials , often as heavy loads .
CRANES : Use for horizontal movement of materials
HOISTS : Used for vertical lifting of materials .
23/27

24. ADVANTAGES :
1) Lifting as well as transferring of material is possible .
2) Interference with the work on the floor is minimized .
3) Such equipment is capable of handling heavy loads .
DISADVANTAGES :
1) They require heavy investment .
2) They serve a limited area .
3) Some cranes move in a straight line and thus cannot
take turns .
24/27

25. REFERENCES :
1) https://www.slideshare.net/sakshiyadav62/handling-and-
transportation .
2) https://www.learnpick.in/prime/documents/ppts/details/
4103/material-handling .
25/27

26. QUESTIONS :
Explain in detail about material handling and
transportation ?
26/27

27. 27/27