2. Diabetes Mellitus is chronic
progressive disease caused by
relative or absolute insulin
deficiency, and is associated by
decreased or loss of the sensitivity
of tissues to insulin
3.
4. DIAGNOSIS
A random blood glucose concentration of 200 mg/dL
or higher, with classical signs and symptoms
(discussed next)
A fasting glucose concentration of 126 mg/dL or
higher on more than one occasion
An abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in
which the glucose concentration is 200 mg/dL or
higher 2 hours after a standard carbohydrate load (75
g of glucose).
7. DM1 DM2
Genetic locus Ch.6 Unknown
Genetics HLA-D linked No HLA association
Pathogenesis Autoimmunity or immuno-
pathologic mechanisms
Insulin Resistance
Relative Insulin deficiency
Islet Cells Insulitis early; Marked
atrophy and fibrosis; Beta
cell depletion
No insulitis; Focal atrophy
amyloid; Mild beta cell
depletion
Age of Onset Young ages >40
Body Habitus Normal to wasted Obese
Plasma Insulin Low to absent Normal to high
Plasma Glucagon High, suppresible High, resistant
Acute Complication Ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar coma
Insulin Therapy Obligatory Non obligatory