There are four major theories of how people learn: behaviorism, cognitivism, experimental learning, and social learning. Behaviorism, proposed by Pavlov and Skinner, suggests that learning is based on conditioning responses to stimuli through reinforcement or punishment. Cognitivism, proposed by Tolman, views learning as the creation of mental representations and meaning based on experiences. Experimental learning theory, proposed by Kolb, sees learning as a process of creating knowledge through transforming experiences. Social learning theory, associated with Bandura, is that people learn from observing others.

2. LEARNING THEORIES
ABOUT BEHAVIOUR

3. Definition: Learning is....
• A change in behavior as a result of experience or practice.
• The acquisition of knowledge.
• Knowledge gained through study.
• To gain knowledge of, or skill in, something through study,
teaching, instruction or experience.
• The process of gaining knowledge.
• A process by which behavior is changed, shaped or
controlled.
• The individual process of constructing understanding based
on experience from a wide range of sources.

4. There are four major theories to how
people learn..
• Behaviourism Learning Theories
• Cognitivism Learning Theories
• Experimental Learning Theories
• Social Learning Theories
TYPES OF LEARNING

6. Behaviorism (or behaviourism)
is a systematic approach to understanding
the behavior of humans and other
animals. It assumes that all behaviors are
either reflexes produced by a response to
certain stimuli in the environment, or a
consequence of that individual's history,
including especially reinforcement and
punishment.

7. BEHAVIOURISM
Classical Conditioning
(pavlov)
• A stimulus is presented
in order to get a
response.
• It is about reflexes.
Operant conditioning
(Skinner)
• The response is made first
then reinforcement
follows.
• It is about
feedback/reinforcement.

9. Classical Conditioning
Theory
The Classical Conditioning Theorywas
proposed by a Russian Physiologist Ivan
Pavlov. According to this theory,
behavior is learnt by a repetitive
association between the response and
the stimulus.

10. Classical conditioning
Classical Conditioning is comprised of four
elements:
Unconditioned Stimulus (US): Which invariably
causes to react in a way.
Unconditioned Response (UR): Takes place
when the US is presented.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): The object that
does not bring about the desired response
Conditioned Response (CR): a particular
behavior that an organism learns to produce,
when the CS is presented.

12. OPERANT THEORY
B. F. Skinner was one of the most
influential of American psychologists. A
behaviorist, he developed the theory of
operant conditioning -- the idea that
behavior is determined by its
consequences, be they reinforcements or
punishments, which make it more or less
likely that the behavior will occur again.
Skinner believed that the only scientific
approach to psychology was one that
studied behaviors, not internal

13. EXAMPLE OF OPERANT THEORY
If your Mother has given some work and
on the completion of it, she gave you
some monetary reward, and you learned
that for doing the same work, again and
again, you get the reward. So you will
always be ready to take that work with
the hope of getting the reward.

15. COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY
Edward Tolman was the first behavioris.
According to him, individuals not only
responds to stimuli but also act on
beliefs, thoughts, attitudes, feelings and
strive towards goals.

16. Cont.......
In other words, An individual creates a
cognitive map in his mind, i.e. an image
of the external environment, preserves
and organizes information gathered, as a
result of the consequences of events
encountered during the learning process.
Thus, the organism learns about the
event and objects on the basis of a
meaning assigned to stimuli.

18. EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING
THEORY

19. Experiential learning
Learning is a process where by knowledge is
created through experience.
Experience are a transformational process
Provides a framework for designing active,
collaborative and interactive learning
experience.

20. In Kolb’s theory, the impetus for the
development of new concepts is
provided by new experiences.
“Learning is the process whereby
knowledge is created through the
transformation of experience”
(Kolb, 1984, p. 38).

23. Social learning theory
is the view that people learn by observing
others. Associated with Albert Bandura's
work in the 1960s, social learning
theory explains how people learn new
behaviors, values, and attitudes.
For example, a teenager might learn
slang by observing peers.

25. REFRENCES
McLeod, S. “Skinner – operant
conditioning.”Simply Psychology, 2018.
Goldman, J. G. “What is classical
conditioning? (And why does it
matter?)” Scientific American, 2012.
Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential Learning:
experience as the source of learning and
development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice
Hall. p. 21