Representation of victory in the History of Architecture

1. TRIUMPHAL ARCHES
SUBMITTED BY:
NAZNEEN
KARNA
075BAR026
Pulchowk Campus

2. INTRODUCTION
 A triumphal arch is a structure in the shape of a monumental
archway, usually built to celebrate a victory in war.
 In its simplest form a triumphal arch consists of two massive
piers connected by an arch, crowned with a flat entablature or
attic on which a statue might be mounted or which bears
commemorative inscriptions.
 The main structure is often decorated with carvings, sculpted
reliefs, and dedications. More elaborate triumphal arches may
have multiple archways.
 Triumphal arches are one of the most influential and distinctive
types of architecture associated with ancient Rome.

3. Introduction
 Invented by the Romans, the triumphal arch was used to
commemorate victorious generals or significant public events
such as the founding of new colonies, the construction of a road
or bridge, the death of a member of the imperial family or the
accession of a new emperor.
 Decorated with bronze statuary and carved scenes , in imperial
time period only emperors could pass through them.
 Important as they were precedents for many later such
structures, and combined the articulated and columnar and
trabeated methods of construction.
 In military history, is a stately monument or erection, generally of
a semicircular form, adorned with sculpture, inscriptions, etc., in
honor of those heroes who have deserved a triumph.

4. Types of Roman Triumphal Arches
 Arch of Titus
 Arch of Septimius Severus
 Triumphal Arch of Orange
 Arch of Constantine

5. Arch of Titus
 The Arch of Titus is a triumphal arch with a single arched opening
 located on the Via Sacra just to the south-east of the Forum in Rome.
 It was constructed shortly after the death of the emperor Titus (born
AD 41, emperor 79-81).
 The arch contains panels depicting the
triumphal procession celebrated in 71 AD
after the Roman victory culminating in the
fall of Jerusalem
 It provides one of the few contemporary
depictions of artifacts of Herod's Temple

6. The Arch of Titus in Rome, an early Roman
imperial triumphal arch with a single archway

7.  The arch is large with both fluted and
unfluted columns, the latter being a
result of 19th-century restoration.
 The Arch of Titus measures: 15.4 meters
(50 ft) in height,
13.5 meters (44 ft) in width,
4.75 meters (15.5 ft) in depth.
The inner archway is 8.3 (27 ft) meters in
height, and 5.36 (17.5 ft) in width.

8.  The spandrels on the upper left and right
of the arch contain personifications of
victory as winged women. Between the
spandrels is the keystone, on which there
stands a female on the east side and a
male on the west side

9.  The south inner panel depicts the spoils taken
from the Temple in Jerusalem. The golden
candelabrum or Menorah is the main focus
and is carved in deep relief.

10.  The north inner panel depicts Titus as triumphator
attended by various genii and lictors, who carry fasces. A
helmeted Amazonian, Valour, leads the four horsed
chariot, which carries Titus. The juxtaposition is significant
in that it is one of the first examples of divinities and
humans being present in one scene together.

11.  The Triumphal Arch of Orange, the
oldest surviving triple-arched Roman
triumphal arch

12.  It has three arches, the centre one being
larger than the flanking ones.
 The entire structure measures 19.57
meters long by 8.40 meters wide,
standing to a height of 19.21 meters.
 Each façade has four semi-engaged
Corinthian columns.

13.  The arch is decorated with various
reliefs of military themes including naval
battels , spoils of war and romans
battling Germanics and Gauls.

14.  The visible pocks or holes are supposedly
left by practicing medieval crossbowmen
with little appreciation for art or history.

15.  A roman foot soldier carrying the shield
of Leigo II Augusta is seen on the north
front battle relief.

16.  The Arch of Septimius Severus

17.  The arch of Septimus Serverus at the
northwest end of the Roman Forum is a
white marble triumphal arch dedicated in
203 to commemorate the Parthian
victories of Emperor Septimius Severus
 The arch was raised on a travertine base
originally approached by steps from the
Forum's ancient level. The central
archway, spanned by a richly coffered
semicircular vault, has lateral openings
to each side archway,

18.  The Arch is about 23 meters in height, 25
meters in width.
 The arch bears two sets of reliefs. The
first set includes four large panels on each
face of the attic and the second set
consists of eight panels that are set into
the inner face of the four archways.
 A staircase in the south pier leads to the
top of the monument, on which were
statues of the emperor and his two sons
in a four-horse chariot accompanied by
soldiers.

19.  The three archways rest on piers, in front
of which are detached composite columns
on pedestals. Winged Victories are carved
in relief in the spandrels

20.  The elaborate carvings and coffered vault
of the Arch of Septimius Severus

21. The inscription on the arch is repeated on
both façades, and shows that the
triumphal arch was dedicated to Emperor
Septimius Severus and his two sons
Caracalla and Geta

22.  The panels, two on each façade, depict
battle scenes, seiges, prisoners, and
the emperor addressing his troops
during his campaigns in Parthia in the
last decade of the 2nd century CE.

23.  A column plinth from the arch of
Septimius Severus in Rome, 203 CE.
The relief sculpture depicts a Roman
soldier with a Parthian prisoner.

24. ARCH OF CONSTANTINE

25.  The Arch of Constantine is a triumphal
arch in Rome dedicated to the emperor
Constantine the Great. The arch was
commissioned by the Roman Senate to
commemorate Constantine’s victory over
Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge in
AD 312.
 It is the largest Roman triumphal arch, with
overall dimensions of:
 21m high, 25.9 m wide and 7.4 m deep. It
has three bays, the central one being
11.5 m high and 6.5 m wide and the laterals
7.4 m by 3.4 m each.
 The arch is constructed of brick-faced
concrete reveted in marble.

26.  Surface is covered with sculpture which
dates from different time period in
Roman history.

27.  Free standing monuments suppose to be
10 feet tall borrowed from monuments
belonging to emperor Trajan which
represents the Dacian prisoners.

28.  Theme that reappears throughout the arch in
different forms, subjecting foreign peoples to
the power of roman empire.
 These panales represented of a client king
presenting to the Roman people on left and
receiving of barbian prisoners in right.

32.  Free standing columns in front of
pilasters all with corinthian capitals

33.  Between those columns we see
roundels i.e. scene set in round frames.
 These roundals are the decorative
sclupture in arch.

35.  Prophery is used. Prophery is the
expensive semi precious stone

36.  Fits a band that wraps around the entire
arch and tells what really was the critical
story for constatine
 On the west side of the arch which shows
constane’s army making its way to verona
to attack the arch of another emperor.

37.  Across the large bay is the most famous
scene(battle of milvian bridge)
This is when two armies confront each
other

38.  East side- Constantine entering Rome

40. Symmetrical composition with the emperor smack
in the middle and all the figures turning their
attention to him

41.  Beautiful proportions of human body have
become stunted and roundness of form

42.  Latakia Tetraporticus, built by Septimius
Severus in AD 183

43.  Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
 The arch was built in 298 to 299 AD and
dedicated in 303 AD to celebrate the
victory of the tetrarch Galerius over the
Sassanid Persians and capture of their
capital Ctesiphon in 298.

44.  Galerius (L) attacks Narses (R).
Arch of Galerius and Rotunda.

45.  Frieze on the Arch of Constantine,
depicting Constantine I distributing gifts to
the people

46. Post-Roman triumphal arches
 Monumento a la Revolución in Mexico
City, the tallest triumphal arch in the
world, 1938

47.  The Arch of Triumph in Pyongyang, the
second tallest triumphal arch in the world,
1982

48.  The Porte Saint-Denis, Paris, built to
commemorate the victories of Louis XIV
of France

49.  Wellington Arch in London, built to
commemorate Britain's victories in the
Napoleonic Wars

50.  Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch in New York
City, built to commemorate the United
States' victory over the Confederate
Rebellion

51.  Siegestor in Munich, a Bavarian army
monument, destroyed in World War II but
partially rebuilt as a reminder for peace

52.  Arco di Trionfo di Castel Nuovo in
Naples, a Renaissance monument, built
to commemorate Alfonso of Aragon's
victorious entry to Naples

53. THANK
YOU!!!