immunology

1. Introduction to Lab Ex. 22: Immunology I
- Bacterial Agglutination
- Immunoprecipitation

2. Introduction to Lab Ex. 22: Immunology I – Bacterial Agglutin
- Immunoprecipitation
Immune responses include all the activities of the immune system
toward maintaining the healthy status of the host.
These would include protecting against pathogens – foreign antigens
Specific Immune responses are one of two kinds:
Antibody-mediated
Cell-mediated
Antibodies are proteins secreted by specific immune cells to counteract
and rid the antigens (and thus the pathogens they may be associated with
Antibodies are specific for the antigen that trigger their formation.
Depending on the nature of the antigen the antigen-antibody reactions
result in different reactions, ex. Agglutination or precipitation

3. Table 1. Serological classification of some common Salmonella species.
Salmonella species Serological group
S. typhimurium B
S. paratyphi C C1
S. enteriditis D
S. anatum E
agglutination no agglutination
?
Antibody specificity known (S. enteriditis)
Salmonella species identity not known (?)
Agglutinationreaction between antibody and particulate antigen
BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION
. is the reaction between a particulate antigen and its specific antibodies

4. Bacterial agglutination
?

5. Bacterial agglutination
?
agglutination no agglutination

6. S. aureus S. epidermidis
agglutination no agglutination
?
Antibody specificity known (S. aureus)- antigen on the surface of bacteria
Staphylococcus species identity not known (?)
Bacterial agglutination

7. Bacterial agglutination
S. aureus S. epidermidis
?
agglutination no agglutination

8. S. aureus
S. epidermidis
Latex beads
(dyed blue)
S. aureus-specific
antibodies

9. Bacterial agglutination
S. aureus S. epidermidis
?
agglutination no agglutination
Note: these latex
beads are dyed red

10. S. aureus S. epidermidis
Bacterial agglutination (new procedure).
#1 Mark your bacterial agglutination cards

11. S. aureus S. epidermidis
Bacterial agglutination
#2 Mix the latex agglutination reagent dropper bottle
and dispense one drop onto each circle

12. Bacterial agglutination
#3 Using a sterile toothpick , pick up and smear 1 suspect
colony from your negative control in the proper ring.
#4 Using a NEW sterile toothpick , pick up and smear 1 suspect
colony from your positive control in the proper ring.
#5 Using a NEW sterile toothpick , pick up and smear 1
suspect colony from your unknown in the proper ring.
S. aureus S. epidermidis

13. S. aureus S. epidermidis
Bacterial agglutination (Part B).
#6 Pick up and gently rock the card for 20 seconds and
observe for agglutination under normal lighting
conditions
?
Bacterial antigen: Agglutination with anti-S. aureus :
S. aureus
S. epidermidis
unknown

14. Immunoprecipitation
- is the reaction between a soluble antigen and its specific antibodies
-soluble antigens are smaller and in solution; complexing with antibodies make th
bigger and they fall out of solution as a precipitate –visible to the eye.
Antibody specificity known (toxin, protein, etc.)
Antigen presence or identity not known (?)
Precipitationreaction between antibody and soluble antigen

15. Immunoprecipitation
Antibody specificity known (toxin, protein, etc.)
Antigen presence or identity not known (?)
Precipitationreaction between antibody and soluble antigen

16. Immunoprecipitation

17. Immunoprecipitation
Reaction of nonidentity
Reaction
of
identity